Chapter 795

Great arteries, great arteries, such as important roads and railways, will be compared to great arteries.

In fact, the real great arteries of the human body are similar in nature to highways and important railways. Blood rich in oxygen and nutrients divides countless small arteries from the great arteries.

The arterioles divide into countless capillary arteries. Finally, the capillary arteries are interspersed with countless cells, and then slowly become capillary veins, which converge into small veins, and finally converge into large veins to return to the heart.

This is about a circuit of human blood vessels, from which blood is slowly consumed from arterial blood into venous blood.

It can be said that the organs that come out to eat do not form a closed loop. Almost all other organs of the human body are closed loops.

Even the respiratory tract deceives the air. Come in and have a look. Shout! This is a dead end. Then he threw down the oxygen and went out by himself.

When the human skin is intact and acts as a wall, it can almost isolate all bacteria and viruses that are invasive to the human body from the body.

Therefore, sometimes, control your mouth, don't lick, control your hands, don't touch, and wash your hands frequently.

Take care of your brother. Don't go through the back door. No matter how powerful the virus and bacteria are, it can't help you.

Zhang Fan took the general foreign doctor and the doctor outside the brain to the operating table.

Lao Chen's stomach is bulging at this time, just like a pregnant woman waiting to give birth.

At present, there are many surgical methods for abdominal aorta, but the condition is a little more complex, and open surgery can not be replaced.

"Ready." Zhang Fan said softly.

"Good!" Xue Xiaoqiao immediately began to prepare.

What are you going to do? In this way, the abdominal aorta of chicken thief chicken thief is hidden slightly above the human spine.

If you want to do something about it, you must first find out the surrounding intestines.

Small intestine, large intestine, to tell the truth, a fatter person may not be able to put these things in a child's bathtub.

Although at ordinary times, it seems that a person doesn't have much thickness from his stomach to his back, it's all an illusion.

You ask the tailor, you ask the general doctor, he can cry and tell you that the chicken is too thick.

A fatter person can open his stomach, clean his intestines and put them in. There is no problem for a five - or six-year-old child.

With such depth, we can only think of more ways before laparotomy. First, let the patient fast and defecate to reduce intestinal content.

Then, lower the head of the patient on the operating bed, just like someone puts down the seat in the shampoo room.

The patient's head is low and his feet are high. Then, starting from the xiphoid process, he uses a knife to bypass the navel and directly pull it to the upper end of the pubis.

It can be said that this kind of operation is a serious laparotomy, what appendectomy, what cholecystectomy, at most even a small fuss, open a hole and drill a hole.

In hepatobiliary surgery, Zhang Fan not only passed the systematic barrier, but also got an understanding from a large number of operations and sublimated his technology.

Chen Quanping, a general foreigner, was envious of the knife that opened his stomach without saying anything else.

For ordinary surgical incision, first, the master knife takes a piece of gauze in his left hand and the assistant takes a piece of gauze, and then the gauze of the two people is flush to tighten the skin to be cut.

Just as you play with your girlfriend, your girlfriend pulls your face with both hands and splits your mouth, the tight skin cuts smoothly.

And now it's too late to open the main artery. I'm kidding. It's not fun.

Xue Xiaoqiao has just picked up the gauze, and Zhang Fan has begun to cut it.

The knife is held horizontally with the right hand. In surgery, especially in gynecology and obstetrics dominated by women, they like to hold the knife with a pen.

I don't know who started it. Anyway, if a male doctor likes to hold a knife with a pen, he often gets such a sentence: your teacher is a maternity teacher!

The writing style is more accurate. The horizontal knife has a feeling of opening and closing.

Zhang Fan's accuracy is no longer a problem, so he prefers horizontal grip, just as the carving man just came out of the waterfall, and prefers the heavy non front knife.

Hold it horizontally with your right hand, stretch your skin with your left thumb and index finger, and then directly from top to bottom! Like a flash of lightning, he opened Lao Chen's stomach around his navel.

The navel, like the handle on the door, was perfectly avoided, "hemostasis and retraction."

Be quick. If there's no extra, Zhang Fan doesn't lift his head and there's more than blood on his skin.

The director of general surgery held an electric knife like an electric welder to stop bleeding. Xue Xiaoqiao and another assistant began to pull open their abdomen with a super large retractor.

You know how big this hook is, old-fashioned steel pot. The cover of the steel pot that can steam more than 20 big steamed buns at one time can be split from the middle to be a big hook. It's that big.

Anyone can pull this thing for a minute or two, but it can be pulled for half an hour or a few hours. People who don't have any Kung Fu can't take it down at all.

Not only to antagonize the contraction of the patient's skin and muscles, but also to change the position all the time with the operation of the main knife.

To tell you the truth, doctors in general have a unicorn arm. Otherwise, you can't pull for such a long time. If you pull an orthopedic doctor to let him pull the hook and have an operation, you'll definitely be full of stomach Fei. After he was killed, he didn't come to puwai to help pull the hook.

When you open your stomach, the swollen small intestine is like a balloon tied up, boom! Boom! Boom! One by one.

It was full of air, undigested food, yellow, gray and brown. With the wriggling, it was like a group of villains rioting.

The air rises, the solid liquid sinks, and a lot of convex bubbles appear in the small intestine and large intestine, as if to Zhang Fan. They say: why, why, make trouble? Come on, who's afraid of who!

Ischemia and edema fill the small intestine and large intestine with bubbles, and then because of bleeding, the abdominal cavity is full of bright red blood.

Darling, Gollum, really, it's like a pot of unbroken fish bubbles in a red oil pot.

Really, it looks like! The semi solidified blood filaments and blood clots in the blood hang on the air bubble on the intestinal wall, like red pepper hanging on the fish bubble.

"Gauze! Come on, stop counting. What did you do earlier? " Looking at the nurses counting gauze piece by piece, Zhang Fan was rarely angry.

But he was not in a hurry. His stomach was full of blood, like a pot of red oil hot pot, and kept grunting.

At this time, one second is how much ml blood is lost. The instrument nurse was stunned. The head nurse immediately said, "Xiao Li, give the gauze to Zhang hospital quickly. Come on! "

"Oh, good!" The little nurse clenched her teeth and handed over all the uncounted gauze to Zhang Fan.

To be honest, such an operation is illegal. On the operating table, especially in open surgery, all objects on and off the table should be double checked.

It's two people who count together twice. When the operation is finished, we can often see such a scene. Two nurses stand side by side like primary school students and shout out: one, two, three... Twenty.

It looks funny and childish, but this is the rule, for the patient's rule, iron rule.

If a piece of gauze or a needle is missing, the patient cannot get off the operating table.

Then all the doctors and nurses pouted their hips all over the floor, all over the operating room and all over the receiving boxes for medical waste.

Even if there is a stool excreted by the patient, the nurse and doctor have to pinch it open and have a look. It's so harsh.

If you can't find it, hey hey, it's a big accident.

Leaving instruments or gauze in the patient's abdominal cavity is neither a joke nor a legend. In the early years, it was such an accident in the medical circles all over the world.

A piece of gauze went into the stomach. The patient didn't know and the doctor forgot. Then the patient's wound was like a child's mouth. It didn't heal all the time, and a thread came out in a few days and a thread came out in a few days.

The most exaggerated, and even some patients rejected for more than 30 years! My stomach has been purulent for 30 years. My stomach is like growing wool. I spit out a piece of gauze for you every day. Really, it's all tears.

Later, a blue line was placed on the gauze. I don't know if you have noticed. All the regular medical gauze have blue lines. This thing is used for X-ray development.

However, even with this line, what should be forgotten is still forgotten. Finally, an army nurse in China invented seven checks and eight pairs.

She is also the first nurse in the Chinese army to win the Nightingale award.

When Zhang Fan was at school, he was lucky to have taken the old lady's surgery aseptic class. The old lady with the title of major general could not see that she was a general.

A face of kindness, a face of kindness, a lifetime of unmarried, a lifetime of struggle on the medical front.

Since the old lady in China made seven checks and eight pairs, there have been fewer and fewer things like missing equipment gauze.

Really, sometimes, the older generation in China is too awesome, but few people know them.

Maybe they don't want others to know that they exist and struggle quietly.

What for? Maybe it's for the heart that will never admit defeat. For the oath made under the Red Cross flag that year.

Sometimes, struggle and persistence are like egg soup, just coax your stomach and listen.

However, sometimes, you see him, insist, work hard, one day has not changed, one year has not changed, when ten years later, it is absolutely different. Perhaps this is the reason why faith will never fade.

When he opened his stomach, Zhang Fan kept filling the lower part of his intestines with gauze, one, ten, fifty, and a large amount of gauze was filled in.

The stomach is full like snowflake candy, and the small intestine has protruded from the suture of the abdomen.

Like a crawling maggot, "let me go back, your uncle's, it's cold outside!"

"Tissue bag! Warm salt water! "

The big tissue bag, like washing pig intestines, Zhang Fan stuffed the protruding small intestine into the tissue bag, and then poured warm saline.

The intestines are different from the stomach. The stomach skin is very solid. If you take someone out and step on their feet, you can still eat and drink.

But the intestines are different. It's very delicate. It's a little cold and frightened. It doesn't move and begins to pretend to be dead.

If the surface water loses a little more, it will be like a woman without a mask for a week, directly to your necrosis in the stomach.

Therefore, the head nurse and itinerant nurses of warm saline in the tissue bag constantly replace the constant temperature saline, which can not be hot or cold. To tell the truth, people are the uncle level figures in the abdominal cavity.

Open your stomach and separate your intestines. At this time, I saw the abdominal aorta in the abdominal cavity.

If you pull the lens up and put it in the position of the shadowless lamp, at this time, Zhang Fan's four heads are like stuffed into a big mouth.

have no bottom!

Really, Zhang Fan almost really put his head into this hole.

"Too fat!" Zhang Fan, who rarely complained during the operation, said something involuntarily.

It's hard, really, half bent, just like the sculpture among comedians.

Zhang Fan hung his brain bag in mid air with his neck, and bent over to send his head in a little.

It's OK, but the smell in the abdominal cavity is still bad.

The warm abdominal temperature, the stench in the abdominal cavity, the smell of blood decomposition, and wearing a mask are useless.

It's sticky, smelly and slightly hot. Really, it's like someone who sticks out his tongue and licks your face after eating rotten eggs or rotten tofu.

The father with a child may have such experience. The child's intestines and stomach are bad. The wife asks you to look at the child's stool, and then you stick your face five cm above the stool just pulled down by the child.

You can't hiccup yet, or your wife will be absolutely angry.

And Zhang fan can't give out hiccups, because once he hiccups, he will shake his hands, shake his hands, and the blood vessels will sprinkle fireworks on you.

Really, Zhang Fan did the operation by biting the tip of his tongue.

Separation, non-stop separation, the intestinal tract is suspended in the stomach. This thing is semi free. If you want to have surgery on the back of the abdomen, you must swim away from these suspended ligaments first.

After separating the ligament, then separate the blood vessels. The great artery divides into countless small arteries.

This operation is too difficult. I really don't owe my family's status and name that the death rate is as high as 70 or 80.

"Systemic heparinization!"

Zhang Fan's head was slightly above his abdominal cavity, and his words seemed to respond.

Heparin, in fact, is anticoagulant, which makes the blood not coagulate.

Really, it's too difficult. Once the blood vessel is injured, it will activate the inner wall of the blood vessel to stop bleeding.

So, some people have broken their hands, put them in their mouths, and then take them out, hey, no bleeding.

He said proudly: look, my tongue and saliva can stop bleeding.

It's really chicken pulling. This thing will infect. It's not how flexible your tongue is to stop bleeding, but other people's blood vessels stop bleeding by themselves.

Ordinary people can clot, but women bosses in Mishima can't. a broken little finger can flow into shock.

The blood vessels themselves want to stop bleeding, but the arteries are too big to stop, and the blood vessels are worried. Then stop bleeding all over the body, and the slippery blood in the blood vessels turns into cement whistling, directly into embolism.

Therefore, this operation is very contradictory. While hemostasis, a large number of anticoagulants are used to make the blood flow.

Separation and ligation, this is the beginning of the operation. Really, the failure rate of this operation is extremely high.

Before hemostasis, first protect the kidney. If you protect the kidney, do you protect the egg?

The blood supply of these organs was established before the abdominal aorta was repaired.

Don't mention Zhang Fan. The head nurse who is watching is sweating.

Zhang Fan clenched his teeth, and his waist shouted again: Turtle son, dare you stretch it out for me? Just stretch it out. It's breaking!

Xue Xiaoqiao is no better. The upper limbs were unconscious, the soles of the feet hurt when standing, and the slippers were about to be scratched by five toes like fingers.

But they can't move, they can't move, because below is the blood vessel, the great artery.

An hour passed.

Two hours passed.

The family members and children outside the operating room were tired of crying and looked at the wall.

Several doctors and nurses in the medical department are still talking and talking. Really, it's difficult for the director of the medical department. It's too cow. What can be said is too difficult to find.

Cut open the blood vessel wall, make the round pipe blood vessel into a chapter of paved paper, and then trim it to remove the separated interlayer.

Then, just like repairing a water pipe, put an artificial blood vessel in it.

"Zhang Yuan, shall I replace you?"

Chen Quanping looked at the sweat beads under the back of Zhang Fan's head. Although his legs were dying of acid, he knew that Zhang Fan was more uncomfortable than him at this time.

"No!"

That is, I am familiar with Zhang Fan's style. Otherwise, I can't stand his attitude.

Sew, finally, sew. Zhang Fan slowly straightened his body. He could hear the sound of his waist.