Chapter 462

From a practical point of view, objectively speaking.

If rabbits have no ability to break the ferrohelium microcrystalline array, the existence of "vacuum" is not important.

But now rabbits have the technology to break through the barrier zone without too high cost.

The difference between the existence and non existence of "vacuum" is very large.

Yes, of course.

One might ask:

Why can't there be no divalent ferrous ions around, resulting in the possibility that ferrous helium can't be produced?

The reason is simple:

This cave is in Zhongzhou section of Qinling Mountains. The iron ore reserves in Xinxiang area under the administrative region are not particularly high, but they are not so low.

At least the surrounding iron elements are relatively rich, and there is no possibility of lack of divalent ferrous ions.

Therefore, there is no barrier belt outside the ice coffin, and the problem obviously can only come from the inside.

Look back.

Although Lu Chaoyang has some ideas in mind.

But from the overall point of view, even if there is no vacuum in the ice coffin, its value will not be reduced too much - this situation is only due to the research field of vacuum physics.

So after adjusting his mind, he took a deep breath.

He said to Su Bai in a calm tone:

"Major Su, check the surroundings first to see if there are any important traces or objects.

When the surrounding areas are cleared first, we'll consider the ice coffin. "

Su Bai nodded:

"I see!"

Five minutes later.

Several practitioners scattered their thoughts at the same time, and the rest searched through the naked eye.

A few minutes later.

Ouyang Dongshan suddenly raised his hand, and a slightly excited voice even echoed in the cave:

"Professor Lu, I have a discovery here!"

Lu Chaoyang hurried to his side and asked:

"Researcher Ouyang, what did you find?"

Ouyang Dongshan pulled Lu Chaoyang's warm suit and pointed to the ground:

"That's it!"

Lu Chaoyang stretched out his head curiously and blinked after seeing the object pointed by Ouyang Dongshan:

"Is this... Ice?"

Ouyang Dongshan nodded:

"Yes, ice!"

The ice found in Ouyang Dongshan is outside the groove, behind a protruding rock.

The coverage area is about the size of a pack of 6.5 Leshi potato chips, and the thickness may be about 10 cm.

The cold side, ultra-low temperature, and the water source that appears from nowhere make the ice form here.

Looking at the incomprehensible Lu Chaoyang, Ouyang Dongshan smiled and explained:

"Professor Lu, I tell you, you must not underestimate this thing.

Such a big piece of ice is enough for us to identify its formation time. "

Lu Chaoyang's eyes suddenly looked inexplicable when he heard the speech.

This time he led the team to panghu cave for only one main purpose, that is, to ensure that the ice coffin was safely transported to the base camp.

But in addition, there are other secondary tasks that can not be ignored, especially in testing.

Otherwise, the superior would not have sent so many people with him.

Among the many tasks, one is to determine as much as possible when the ice coffin - or cave low temperature began to appear.

According to Ouyang Dongshan, they have the ability to identify the age of ice formation through technical means.

Then this is undoubtedly a huge boost to the judgment of time tasks.

indeed.

The time of ice formation may be very short, such as decades or even years, maybe last month.

But similarly, it also has the possibility of early formation.

These two possibilities exist at the same time, and no one can say which is more likely.

Without other better samples.

The ice formation time represents the lower limit of the freezing point temperature in the cave.

Even if you detect that it was formed five months ago, it can be excreted for nearly five months, can't it?

Then Lu Chaoyang thought and said:

"Researcher Ouyang, what method should be used to detect this kind of ice?

Is the photoluminescence signal OK? Or cold atomic physics? "

"The photoluminescence signal is dated by capturing electrons in mineral crystals such as quartz or feldspar, and it needs the average annual radiation dose of the environment."

Ouyang Dongshan gave him a strange look while explaining:

"As for cold atomic physics

Professor Lu, aren't you really showing off your skills?

This direction is only done by China University of science and technology, isn't it?

How can I, who is engaged in scientific research in Antarctica, understand this? "

Lu Chaoyang smiled and touched his head with embarrassment:

"Yes... Sorry, I forgot. You continue."

Ouyang Dongshan organized a language and said:

"This kind of ice can generally be identified by o-18 isotope, which is not so accurate.

For example, only 1000, 3000 or 20000 years can be detected.

As for 1900 or 1100, it's not easy to judge.

But its advantages are also obvious.

That is, the time to produce results is very short, and the equipment requirements and steps are very simple. "

Lu Chaoyang nodded thoughtfully:

"O-18..."

Although he doesn't know much about geography, some professional terms are still relatively clear.

Therefore, when Ouyang Dongshan mentioned the o-18 identification method, he almost understood the relevant principles.

Those who know the concept of ice age should know.

If in the time scale of historical topics, the rapid change of temperature can generally find clues of relevant records.

For example, in the first year of the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty (1111), Taihu Lake was completely frozen, and you can still run a carriage, which corresponds to a small ice age between the two Song Dynasties, and also corresponds to the historical event of the rise of Nvzhen, the destruction of Liao and Song dynasties.

There are more clues about the little ice age in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as the freezing of Han River, Huai River, Poyang Lake and so on.

This is a judgment method of combining historical facts.

The o-18 identification method is used to find glacial and interglacial periods on the geological time scale.

Chemistry teachers who are healthy and not angry should know.

Oxygen has three natural isotopes: o-16, o-17 and o-18.

They all have 8 protons, but 8, 9 and 10 neutrons respectively.

Among them, o-17 is too rare. It is not shown in the table below.

There are two kinds left.

The number of o-16 is much more than that of o-18, but their proportion changes little under normal conditions.

But once the climate changes in large regions, their proportion will be different.

O-18 is heavier. Compared with o-16, it needs to absorb more energy before it evaporates - because it is too heavy to fly. Students who know fat people can replace acquaintances. Students who are fat can look down at their round abdominal muscles.

In chemistry.

This process is called isotope fractionation.

Therefore, in polar and non coastal areas, the proportion of o-18 and o-16 is different in different periods, which is very obvious and stable.

The specific detection method of o-18 is isotope ratio mass spectrometer, which is IRMS loved and hated by many people.

The principle of IRMS is actually very simple. The ionized sample is injected into a magnetic field through an ion gun.

These charged particles deflect under the action of magnetic field, and when their charges are the same (the same force), the amount of deviation (the radius of circular motion) is related to their own mass.

Therefore, different isotopes are separated and fall on the inductor on the other side of the magnetic field to produce several different current signals.

Thus, the proportion of o-18 in the sample can be measured.

The main body of an IRMS is almost as large as a printer, so Ouyang Dongshan will say that the equipment and requirements are simple.

This time, the IRMS carried by Lu Chaoyang and others was loaded into the space bag. Due to its small size, Cao Yi, who had reached the foundation period, took him out without much effort.

Then Ouyang Dongshan debugged for more than 20 minutes.

Then turn on the small reserve power supply, and the test begins in a very simple way.

Buzzing——

IRMS looks like a printer and works like a printer.

Therefore, a super cow batch operation occurred in a domestic university:

A couple of graduate students may be in love. In short, they pursue excitement, so the man bought a buzzing egg, or a high-power one.

One day, he drove together while a group of people were doing experiments to run IRMS.

As a result, I didn't expect that the two buzzing sounds were different. The professor with the project was a little puzzled:

What's that sound? Is there something wrong with any equipment?

There are millions of equipment, so I can't afford it when something happens, so I shut down IRMS in advance.

The time when the professor turned off the equipment was very sudden. The man was still looking at the mass spectrum. He didn't react for a while, resulting in that egg ringing for a few seconds before turning off, so the professor locked the woman on the spot.

In fact, at this time, the woman admitted that the vibration of the mobile phone might be fooled. Although the laboratory generally does not allow magnetic objects, many people make exceptions in non critical daily experiments.

As a result, I didn't expect that the woman was too anxious to burn her brain. She couldn't think of this excuse and couldn't give a reason.

So the professor thought she had broken some instrument, so he went to the engineer on duty for permission to watch the monitoring.

You can guess the result later. It's a direct social death - let's not say which school. It's not a University of science and technology, but a school in Fujian Province.

So young people should not play too much. Sometimes 91 they can't go up and fall on the bulletin board.

Look back into the cave.

IRMS results came out quickly.

It's only about twenty minutes, one δ 18O -- that is, the data of o-18 and o-16 ratio are released.

Ouyang Dongshan took the report and compared it through D-P diagram (Note 1)

"Hmm? -59.9... It's a little big..."

Ouyang Dongshan frowned and looked from the D-P diagram. His index finger was scraping and sliding, and his expression suddenly froze.

Seeing this, Lu Chaoyang hurriedly asked:

"Researcher Ouyang, what's the result?"

Ouyang Dongshan twitched his eyes and handed the report to him directly:

"Professor Lu, have a look."

Lu Chaoyang took the report and checked it himself.

As a typical student of zhongsuzhou, Lu Chaoyang still understands such reports.

So before long, he compared the results.

When he saw the age corresponding to the result, his pupils suddenly contracted:

"This... This...?"

"Thirty six... Ten thousand years ago?!"

..........

Note:

Refer to iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dkreserchstrat for DP diagram_ datingannual_ layer_ countice_ core_ Dating, an authoritative glacier research website, is not fiction.

Please put the preciseness on the public screen. This kind of data is too tired to find, but I especially love the truth. I can't convince myself of false data ==

Plus, this chapter is an all night chapter. Let's ask for some monthly tickets.