106 Bargaining and DescriptionSmall-An in the Middle Ages

During the Silk Road, in the bazaars for a long time and stubbornly bargained. They didn't buy the goods immediately.

They came to the bazaar and went around it, one, two, three, found out the prices, where the goods were brought from, they brought down prices.

Small-An was a kingdom, was an emirate, and now has become an independent strange without an empire for 40 years.

Small-An was only once an empire itself for 50 years. Then he was a powerful regional power for 300 years.

And so from the beginning of the 10th century BC to the 20th century, in certain periods, the territory of the principality was part of vassal lands - the Persian Empire, the Chinese Empire, the Arab Caliphate, and the Second Northern Empire.

The era when Small-An was a colony of different empires lasted from 300 to 800 years.

In those days, Small Ahn went to their coins, but they took strangers if it was gold or silver, copper or bronze.

The course in the 7-8th century was as follows.

1 arab gold coin = 5 local gold coins

1 gold coin = 40 silver

1 silver = 60 copper

1 copper = 20 bronze

Most common copper and silver coins were used by ordinary people, the rich were considered to be those who had tens and hundreds of thousands of gold coins in the basements in chests, both local and Arab.

Now, for example, 1 Arab gold coin costs about $ 2,800.

1 gold local coin is valued at $ 1,600.

1 silver coin about 300-400 dollars.

1 copper coin about 150 dollars.

1 bronze coin from 100 to 120 dollars.

1 gold coin of the second empire from 360 to 890 dollars.

The weight of ancient coins of 7-8 centuries was about 12 grams of pure gold 999, Arab from 8 to 9 grams.

Changed in the market exchanged - foreign gold at the rate of 1 to 3 or 5 to the local. This course was set by the chief minister himself at the beginning of the year, he was responsible for finances, and then the course itself began to play according to the market price. For the exchange, money changers paid a fee every three months, about 5 percent of the turnover. That replenished the treasury. Also, the treasury was replenished by taxes on land, water, property, passages through bridges.

Customs duties were removed from merchants at the crossing of each principality, the percentage was small, about 2-3 percent of the cost of goods. Thanks to what merchants tried to get into these principalities, a fee of about 5 percent was charged when the caravan left the principality.

Taxes went to about 40 percent of the treasury of the prince, 20 percent to maintain order in settlements, the construction, and maintenance of roads, new wells, repair bridges. 30 percent for the maintenance of troops. Only in some principalities was there a regular army, a prince of 4000-5000 soldiers. Of which 2800 cavalry and 1200 or 2200 infantry. The armament was spades, sabers or swords, daggers, axes, bows, clubs, shields, and armor on horses and warriors. The rich were dressed in chain mail and armor made of steel, the poor in leather armor.

The foundations of the economy were traded, which accounted for up to 60 percent of GDP, transit duties of about 10 percent, the production of fabrics, silk, steel weapons, saddles, armor and chain mail, a common wordcraft of about 20 percent and 10 percent of agriculture.

All efforts were focused on roads, crossings, wells, construction of caravanserais, there was a lot of money, they went to the development of art, culture, architecture, medicine, science, printing, technology development.

The money was due to transit trade, control of goods along the Silk Road, transfer of new technologies and knowledge.

At that time, there were many international markets in Small Ahn where you could buy goods from Rome, Greece, Byzantium, Persia, the Arab Caliphate, North, East and South Africa, Oceania and India, Japan, Korea, China, Northern Europe, and Siberia.

Since the Central Front of the Great Silk Road passed through the territory of the principality.

Those who owned it, incredibly enriched!

Tricks of the Merchants

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Buyer. How much is the product?

Seller: 1 silver and two copper coins !!

Buyer. And if at a real price?

Seller. Well then 45 copper coins!

Buyer. Brother, you're lying! I just saw the same product in the third row for 30 coppers! And aren't you ashamed?

Seller. Can it not be? I myself bought it for 30 coppers!

Buyer. Yes, you apparently completely lost your conscience! Aren't you afraid that I will call the head of the market?

Seller. No, well, brother, you understand ... well, come on and I'll sell you 30 coppers each, no need to call anyone ?!

Buyer. It's good that conscience woke up in you! But look, do not cheat with the scales, otherwise, you should be beaten, in the marketplace, with 10 hits on the heels! But the pain of the blows is nothing compared to the shame and the ban on trading again!

Seller. Yes, I will not deceive you!

Buyer. We will see! Only a fool will believe the word of the merchant!

Seller. Don't offend me, I'm not like that.

Buyer. Showtime.

The buyer bought overseas berries, came home, and there the top layer is fresh berries, and the second layer is wormy, the third is rotten and in the fourth there are pebbles.

Buyer to market. To the governing bazaar.

Buyer to market. To the managing bazaar. He looks, it's not clean. Sends his person to that seller under the guise of a buyer. He deceives him both at the price, and palms of a poor-quality product.

Then the manager takes his team of nine big guys, all of them with long white sticks of wood. They are coming. Everyone in the market is silent. The noise stops. The bazaar freezes for a moment. And this moment lasts forever.

Then, the seller lies on the market square, he is hit ten times on the heels. Then the judge, he says, is forbidden to sell goods for three months, after he let him sell, he needs to feed his family, he will be noticed again for the same thing, his left hand will be cut off, he will be expelled from the city.

Millennia have passed, but the manner of the sellers has not changed. They can weigh 100-200 grams, sell goods at inflated prices from 30 to 300 percent! It can slip and not conditional goods.

So the buyer should always be on the alert!