Chapter 334

Photoelectric effect refers to a special and interesting phenomenon discovered by Ludwig Stein a few years ago. When light irradiates a metal sheet, a tiny electric current will be generated on the metal sheet. In the initial explanation, the mages thought that light has energy, and this energy is transferred to the metal sheet by irradiation, which leads to the generation of electric current.

However, in his experiment, Mr. Stein found that the current generated by light irradiation on the metal sheet does not change with the change of light intensity, which is contrary to the theory of light fluctuation. As we all know, if light is a wave, the stronger the light intensity, the more energy it will have, which will lead to a stronger current. However, the experimental phenomenon is contrary to it.

At the same time, according to the fluctuation theory of light, if the incident light intensity is weak, it will take a longer time to accumulate enough energy to fly out of the metal surface. However, the actual situation is that as long as the light can produce electric current, no matter how strong or weak, the current will be generated immediately. This is another contradiction with the fluctuation theory of light.

After using different kinds of light to irradiate the metal sheet, you found that different kinds of light lead to different current intensities. Therefore, his explanation is that light is composed of particles, and different kinds of light are composed of different particles. These particles carry different amounts of energy, so they produce different currents.

As a result, Lord Stein has become a strong supporter of the particle theory of light, and the debate about the nature of light continues to this day, but there is still no final conclusion.

Lena is going to repeat this experiment today.

However, with the memory of the earth, he naturally has some directions.

In the laboratory, Lena arranged the experimental equipment in advance, among which the most important are several light generation arrays.

These light generation arrays can generate stable color light in a certain range, and are usually used as some stage effects, rarely used for magic experiments.

Lennar has checked these light generation arrays, which can actually produce light with stable frequency. Lennar set them in the dark room to be used as the light source for photoelectric effect experiment.

There are also several kinds of spare metal sheets for the control group.

The whole experiment is carried out in a vacuum darkroom, in which the specially treated metal sheet will not be oxidized to cause current error. At the same time, besides the metal sheet, there is a thin plate with a variable voltage, and the electrons will move between the two plates. By applying a voltage to it, the electrons emitted by the photoelectric effect can slow down from the beginning If the velocity of the electron is exactly zero when it reaches the thin plate, then the energy of the electron can be calculated by the applied voltage according to the Newington Holland equation.

This voltage is what Lena calls the hold down voltage.

By studying the frequency of the irradiation light and the energy of the electron, we can try to establish a set of curves, so as to verify Mr. Stein's energy discontinuity theory.

Using the master's hand to operate the experiment, Lena recorded the data. He made several groups of control experiments on different metal sheets and the same light, and different light and the same material. One morning later, he completed about a quarter of the experiment.

After having a casual lunch in the canteen, Lena went back to the laboratory and continued. It was not until late at night that he finally measured all the experimental data.

After finishing the experiment records, Lena went back to the office. It was midnight, and the next day was the rest day. The dormitory didn't turn off the light, and he could see some rays of light.

The dark campus is silent. Lena sits in front of his desk, and pieces of paper recording the experimental data float up, so that Lena can calculate quickly.

According to Steiner's theory of black body radiation, the energy of quantum is discontinuous, and its value is an integral multiple of the product of Steiner constant and quantum vibration frequency. Lenner assumes that light is also a kind of quantum, which is called light quantum, and the energy carried by light is the product of light frequency and Steiner constant.

At the same time, the voltage applied on the thin plate to make the velocity of the emitted electron become zero and the calculated energy are compared with the results of Stein formula, and the curve is drawn to verify the value of Stein constant.

Lena chose six kinds of light with different frequencies to measure their photocurrent under different voltages, then drew the curve image between voltage and photocurrent, and obtained the suppression voltage of the metal sheet under a certain frequency of light from the image.

Therefore, six frequencies correspond to six different suppression voltages. Once again, this is the coordinate to make an image, which is just a beautiful straight line!

This means that the energy of the photon is linearly related to the frequency of the light, and by calculating the slope of the line, the Stein constant can be obtained accurately.

This means that the energy carried by the photon is not continuous, but discrete.

Your energy discontinuity theory has been proved!

Lena felt a palpitation in the lake of his heart, which was a sign of the arrival of world feedback, but instead of rushing into meditation, he continued to work hard.

"Light is composed of light quanta. The energy of each quantum of light beam is equal to the vibration frequency of light quantum multiplied by Stein constant. If the frequency of light quantum is greater than a certain limit frequency, then the light quantum has enough energy to make an electron escape and cause photoelectric effect.""This is the explanation of the principle of photoelectric effect, from which we can see that in the photoelectric effect, light shows obvious partiality."

"Light is also a particle."

Put down the pen and Lena took a deep breath.

Buzz -

in a flash, Lena felt a surge of tide coming towards him.

It was as if he was standing on a cliff by the sea, and the boundless ocean in front of him raised huge waves.

In the cloudy sky, thunder and lightning, like a snake, twinkle thousands of times.

In the face of the storm, Lena closed his eyes slightly, stepped forward and stepped into the void.

Instead of falling into the sea, he stood firmly in mid air, surrounded by rough waves trying to destroy him, thunder falling, trying to knock him down.

But Lena was not defeated by these dangers, but slowly opened his eyes.

Hum -

taking this opportunity, a ripple spreads out and everything quiets down where the ripple reaches.

In the haze of the sky, a beam of light fell.

This light shines on Lena, warm and dazzling, and a ray of thunder appears around him.

The thunder became stronger and stronger, turning into a dragon, circling Lena.

Raise your hand, the thunder suddenly died, at the same time, the world in Lena's vision, began to change.

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