Chapter 496

In Lennar's hypothesis, the electron is no longer a specific and fixed particle, because people can't detect its position and momentum at the same time. It is actually a particle that may appear in a range, and the probability of its appearance at any point in this range is not 100%. Through the mathematical analysis of this model, we can get a probability function, and this probability function is not 100% Rate function, which lenner called wave function.

At the same time, the description of the electron should not be described as an independent particle, but should be explained from the perspective of wave function, and the electron becomes the electron cloud.

The electron cloud theory can well explain some existing problems. For example, in the spectral analysis of the atomic outer electron energy level orbit, although according to the past experiments of the mages, we can see several obvious electron spectral lines on the corresponding orbit, there are still some more slender spectral lines distributed around the spectral lines. In the past, people always thought that this is caused by The disturbance of experimental error is an abnormal phenomenon.

But according to the theory of probability distribution of electron cloud, this is the real correct phenomenon.

According to the probability distribution of the wave function of the electron cloud, the probability of its central position is relatively high, while the edge is low. Therefore, originally, the mages thought that the spectral lines reflecting the orbit of the electron are actually composed of many spectral lines, and those thin spectral lines at the edge are the spectral lines where the electron may appear.

But it doesn't mean that the electron is really a cloud. Lena thought that the electron does exist objectively, but in the micro field, it presents such a probability distribution under observation, while in the macro field, human beings and other objects will not appear quantum phenomenon.

At least not now.

The feather notes beside Lena recorded his ideas, which had several pages of text description and argumentation alone.

Finally, Lena summed up a series of conjectures and hypotheses.

The first point is that the quantum state of a microscopic quantum system can be described by the wave function, which represents all the known information that the observer can obtain about the system.

The second is that the description of quantum system is probabilistic. The probability of an event is the square of the absolute value of the wave function.

The third is the Ian gray uncertainty principle, also known as the uncertainty principle, which is that in a quantum system, the position and momentum of a particle cannot be determined at the same time.

The fourth point is the known conclusion, that is, matter has wave particle duality, and the wave length of matter follows the description of Ian Gray's formula. At the same time, in an experiment, it can show the particle characteristics or wave characteristics of matter, but it can't show the particle characteristics and wave characteristics of matter at the same time. In other words, in the same experimental observation, matter can only show the particle characteristics or wave characteristics It can show one of the characteristics of wave and particle.

The fifth and last point is that in large-scale macro system, the quantum performance of objects should be similar to that in classical magic system, that is, macro objects will not show obvious quantum characteristics.

At the same time, there is a very important concept in Lehner's point of view, that is, the collapse of wave function.

In short, microscopic particles follow the probability distribution of wave function, but when observing, its wave function will collapse into a fixed value, which can be understood as the observation behavior leads to the collapse of wave function.

The state of a particle is like a coin tossed. Before it lands, it may be either positive or negative. It is determined by the probability distribution. Even after it falls on the hand and is covered up, people still can't determine whether the coin is positive or negative. Until the palm of the hand is opened, people can observe the positive and negative of the coin.

But even without observation, the coin has a positive and negative, rather than always showing a probability distribution as described by the wave function.

To understand it simply, the wave function collapse mentioned by Lennar is actually a process of probability bunching. Among the many possibilities of particles, it falls to a certain possibility based on observation, but all the possibilities are bunched in the light cone of the world line, because the speed of light cannot be surpassed.

Once the wave function collapses, the other probability distributions no longer exist, only the observed result.

It is used to explain the phenomenon found in the big hole, that is, originally there was a very high concentration of magic in the big hole, but usually these magic exist in quantum state, showing the characteristics of wave function, and can not cause collapse when observed by conventional means outside, so we can only get the conclusion that the concentration of magic is normal.

But once the detector goes deep into it and makes a thorough observation, especially when a mage observes directly through the projection, the wave function collapses and a lot of magic turns into entity, which will destroy the detector in an instant.

Such a process occurs in every exploration, but when the mages observe directly through projection, the collapse is more obvious, which can be detected by the instrument.

In this paper, Reiner puts forward the concept of strong observation and weak observation. Compared with the simple detection instrument, direct projection observation is strong observation. The disturbance of strong observation to the quantum system is greater than that of weak observer. It can be simply considered that some quantum systems have thresholds. Only the observation above the threshold will cause collapse, Just as energy is discontinuous, even the observation of this behavior is discontinuous.Thinking of this, Reiner realized another problem, because although the strange phenomenon of the big hole can be explained according to this theory, it belongs to the macro phenomenon after all, and quantum theory should not appear in the macro world.

Otherwise, human beings will be probability distribution, may appear anywhere in the world, and the objective reality will disappear.

Lena didn't get an answer to the contradiction. He thought that it might be more likely to get an answer to discuss it with legendary mages.

After finishing all the ideas into words, Lena took a long breath, put away all the experimental equipment, went back to his room and left the unstable half plane.

"You're back."

Phyllis is still lying on the bed. From the novels beside her, during the time when Lena was doing the experiment, Phyllis had finished reading the previous one and started reading a new one.

"Well."

Lena nodded, and the parchments around him began to combine and expand, turning his experimental conclusion and conjecture into a brief paper.

"It seems that the result is not bad?"

When Phyllis saw that Lena was not as dignified as before, she asked.

"I can't say it's right. At least my experimental results have been achieved, but whether this conclusion is a good thing for the world is still uncertain."

Lena shook his head. Out of the window, the big hole was still, silent.

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