Chapter 197： Soldiers and horses are not moving, propaganda first

Winter Palace in St. Petersburg

The contract for arms trade between Russia and Austria has already appeared on the desk of Nicholas I, and the loan was blocked together, and the Austrian government proposed to issue documents of debt securities.

Regarding the purchase of the weapons production line, Nicholas I did not have an opinion and directly gave instructions on the documents.

The gap between the Russian Empire ’s military industry and European countries is huge and cannot be bridged in the short term. Buying production lines is the only option to bridge the gap in the short term.

Nicholas I asked: "What do you think of Austria's proposal to issue bonds?"

The Minister of Finance, Astanley Rhodes, said: "Your Majesty, this is very troublesome. We have not issued bonds, but the previous bonds have all been cold in the capital market.

In order to sell bonds now, in addition to the Austrians' proposal to use collateral, they must also have high enough interest to be able to obtain capital relatives.

This will greatly increase our financial costs. Previously, we only received a 0.2% monthly interest rate on loans from Austria. If we issue bonds, we will probably increase it significantly.

The military expenditure of this war far exceeds our expectation. If we increase the financial cost, our financial pressure will be very great in the future. "

The Tsarist government did not consider in advance that the British and French would send troops directly. All the combat plans were singled out against the Ottoman Empire.

According to the original plan, they have the sea power in the Black Sea, the Russian army can get supplies at sea, the logistical pressure is greatly reduced, and the military forces that the Russian army can invest in the Balkan Peninsula have greatly increased.

In theory, the Russian army with sufficient advantages could defeat the Ottoman Empire in 1852, end the war in the Balkans in 1853, and then set off in two ways to attack the Asia Minor.

As a result, the plan could not keep up with the rapid changes, and the British and French participation in the war disrupted their deployment. From the beginning, the war lost control, and military expenditures increased significantly.

Nicholas I continued to ask, "Is it possible to continue to get low-interest loans from the Austrian government?"

Foreign Minister Karl Wollsell replied: "Your Majesty, if there is no problem with small loans, it is impossible to obtain a loan of 200 million rubles at one time.

Although Austria did not directly refuse our loan, they clearly stated that the amount of funds was too large to exceed their affordability.

After our analysis, the Austrian government has the ability to raise huge sums of money, but this will affect their domestic development. Unless we pay a large price, it is impossible. "

200 million rubles is an astronomical figure, which is equivalent to one year of fiscal revenue of the Russian Empire. Under normal circumstances, the Austrian government does not have this financial capacity.

But the situation is different now. Russians do not need to take real money for loans. All loans are used in Austria. The money has not left Austria.

The money didn't flow into the market at once, but lay on the bank account of Austria first, and slowly flowed into the market through purchasing materials.

Due to taxation, a large part of the funds back into the hands of the Austrian government, in fact, much less money needs to be paid.

For example, if you purchase one million goods, the first round of transaction tax, value added tax, corporate tax, customs duties, etc. will add up to two or three hundred thousand. The second round of raw material suppliers will have to pay the payment transaction. Taxes, value-added taxes, and corporate taxes are estimated to add up to tens of thousands.

Because this business has also driven the development of transportation and the surrounding catering industry, it will also generate taxes. The capitalists make profits, and after the workers get their wages, they have to consume, and consumption drives the development of other industries. These are taxes.

This is just the simplest commodity circulation. In fact, in the industrial circulation system, it is more responsible than this. Few companies buy raw materials directly, and they can be sold as industrial products.

Most industries are in three or more rounds, in which funds are returned to the government's finances through taxation. In fact, the loan Austrian government needs to pay only half of it or even less.

Without these advantages, the British and French powers would not be eager to lend usury by relying only on a few points of interest.

Furthermore, loans are used to speed up the circulation of goods between the two countries and gradually penetrate into various industries in a country, especially the financial industry.

Nicholas I thought for a while and said, "Because of interest? We can pay according to internationally accepted standards, even if it is a little higher, it does not have a high bond interest anyway."

Foreign Minister Karl Wollsell replied: "Your Majesty, I am afraid it is not a question of interest. The Austrians did not ask for an increase in interest, it should be financial difficulties.

The Austrian government attaches great importance to the domestic economic development and will not interrupt the domestic economic development for a little interest. Unless we make a significant political concession, they will not take out this money. "

Nicholas I nodded. The nations are very realistic. Even allies can't sacrifice their own interests to help.

If it is only for a few points of interest, the domestic economic development will be sacrificed, and everyone knows how to choose.

"Austria's loans cannot be abandoned, and how much can be won. The Ministry of Finance has developed a plan for issuing bonds, not only Austria, but also European countries.

I don't know when this war will end. Now the government wants to raise funds as much as possible, and a higher interest rate is acceptable. "

Nicholas I was a wise man and did not continue to increase domestic war taxes.

Historically, the Russians were boycotted by major European powers and were unable to raise funds from the international capital markets before being forced to search the country.

The consequences of the tax increase were also very serious. After the defeat of the Crimean War, the basis of the Tsarist government's rule was shaken.

After the war, Nicholas I, who was in good health, died suddenly. Most historians believe that he committed suicide by taking poison, and used his death to bear the responsibility for the failure of the war, to explain to the outside world, and to stabilize the rule of the Tsarist government.

"Yes, Your Majesty!" The Minister of Finance replied

...

How did Nicholas I die specifically? Franz couldn't figure out, anyway, his death completely deteriorated the relations between Russia and Austria.

In terms of personal feelings and national interests, Franz hoped that Nicholas I would live a hundred years.

Nicholas I was a good character and a good ally. The Tsarist government he led was credible.

And the longer he lived, the later the tsarist government's serfdom reform became, the more difficult the reform became.

Allies without threats are good allies. After recalling historical data, Franz has to be lucky to catch up with the good times.

If no accidents happen, future generations of Russian tsars will be more at ease, which means that Austria's back will be safe for decades to come.

The Russians are preparing to issue bonds, and Franz is preparing to issue bonds. The money is always not too much. Especially during wartime, it is necessary to store more ammunition.

Unlike the Russians who attracted capital purchases with high interest rates, Franz was prepared to take advantage of the national patriotism.

In order to support the Prussians to recover the two duchyes in the north, everyone can donate tens of millions of dongs. Now, for the unification of the German region, everyone will be more active.

"Unified bond", Franz did not add the word German in front, mainly to take care of other nationalities in the country. If possible, he wouldn't mind adding-the Holy Roman Empire.

The bond is still confidential and will be issued at the same time as the unification war is launched. Since it is for national unification, it is too vulgar to talk about interests.

The "uniform bond" has an annual interest rate of only 1%, which can be said to be better than nothing. Even with such low interest rates, Franz is still confident in the sale of bonds.

Under his influence, the German ideas of Austria still dominated the mainstream, and everyone was still very interested in rebuilding the Holy Roman Empire.

In order to form the basis of public opinion, the Austrian government in the years 1851 and 1852, smashed millions of shields in propaganda for two consecutive years.

Not only Austria, but even all states in the German region are within the scope of propaganda.

"Reconstruction of the Holy Roman Empire" has become the hottest topic in the German region. Whether it is support or opposition, the concept is infused into everyone's mind.

University of Munich

Here is a debate about the way forward in the German region.

Ever since the predecessor King Ludwig I published a declaration that the royal family would work for German unification, it is legal to talk about German regional unification.

A series of messy schemes, such as big German thought, small German thought, the division of North and South Germany, and the reconstruction of the Holy Roman Empire, which has just been proposed, can be brought up for discussion.

Not only the Kingdom of Bavaria, but many German states can discuss these issues. The government must also show its support. This is the rights and interests of the people in the 1848 Revolution, and it is also politically correct.

In simple terms, you can support any kind of German regional unification plan, but you cannot oppose German regional unification.

Christian supporter, Christian ’s passionate speaker: "The German region has been divided for too long, and the development models of different states are different. It is very difficult to integrate these regions immediately and build a great empire. easily.

So why don't we neutralize it? First rebuild the Holy Roman Empire, bringing everyone together within the framework of a unified great empire.

For other issues, we can sit down and discuss slowly. One year is enough for two years, ten years is not enough for two decades, and after decades, the German region becomes a whole. "

After the secret propaganda of the Austrian government, those who support the reconstruction of the Holy Roman Empire are very shielded, and even some small state rulers are supporters of this idea.

The Holy Roman Empire is not terrible. This empire has never been truly unified. The major states below all do their part. The central government exists only in theory and has almost no binding force on states.

If unification is really inevitable, such unification can protect their interests to the greatest extent.

There is also a person who likes peace, it is easy to say that uniting the German region is actually not far away from war.

Whether it is the big German or the small German, everyone must be convinced by the army in order to complete the great cause of reunification.

Rebuilding Shen Luo is much simpler. Everyone has a meeting to vote, choose an emperor, and the German area is unified.

How everyone's interests are damaged in the country, each state and country have their own interests, but they have strengthened exchanges economically, and they are united when they are abroad.

The German region was unified again, even if it was nominally unified. This great empire is the most powerful empire in the world.

A young student objected: "Such reunification is too slow. European countries will not give us time to integrate the whole country. The emergence of a unified German empire will promptly be resisted by all countries.

Even under the siege of various countries, only when the German region is completely unified and everyone becomes a whole can we defeat the enemy and complete the great revival of Germany. "

As soon as the words came to an end, another objected: "Don't forget the lesson of Napoleon. Any attempt by any country to confront Europe as a whole is to kill itself.

The current international situation simply does not allow us to complete national reunification step by step. Once signs of unity appear in the German region, European countries are bound to intervene.

The British, the French, the Russians, the Spaniards ... would not look at the German regional unification, and it would be unwise to fight against the European continent on their own.

At this time, we have to learn to go step by step. First unify the small German region, and when the integration is complete and powerful, we will unify the entire German region. "

Another objected: "Unify the little German regions? If so, we might as well divide the North and South German regions.

It is also possible to avoid the joint strike of the powers, and to finally unify the nation's accumulated strength, why should we go and see the face of the Prussian outbreak households? "

"No, this is splitting the country, not uniting the country. Whether it is the establishment of the Little Germany or the division of North and South Germany, the end result is to destroy the empire.

Is Germany divided into two, or is it ours? Rebuilding the Shinra and establishing a nominally unified empire is the key to our step by step. "

...

Undoubtedly, these messy ideas spread, and Franz did a great job. Many of the thoughts in it were made by him.

If you want to achieve the purpose of propaganda, you must not directly say: Austria wants to unify the German region, and everyone should unite under the banner of the Habsburg dynasty.

If this is publicized, it is estimated that it has been suppressed by governments all over the world.

Now throwing all the messy unified plans out of this way has weakened the figure of Austria, and everyone will think that it is spontaneous by the people.

In the eyes of most people, the idea of ​​Greater Germany, the theory of the reconstruction of the Holy Roman Empire, may be supported by the Austrian government, which may also mean the German state.

The rest of the German thought and the theory of the division of North and South Germany were obviously developed by the Prussians. These two ideas are the most widely spread in Prussia.

True or false, what is the true political opinion of the Austrian government? Franz would say that what kind of political claims are in Austria's interests and what the Austrian government's political claims are.

In the face of interests, national strategies and political ideas can be changed. The reason it hasn't changed is that the benefits are not big enough.

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