Chapter 1831： Peruvian Chinese

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Not only the navy, but the air power is also a place that Chileans are proud of, especially when compared to the north and south neighbors. In front of the Chileans, the sky protection nets of Peru and Argentina are useless.

A simple list of data can tell the difference. At present, the main force of the Chilean Air Force is 46 F16 fighters. Although 36 of them are second-hand F-16AB fighters from the Netherlands, they are also F16s!

In addition, there are 11 F-5EF fighter jets, and an EB-707 early warning aircraft that is modified by Israel.

Sitting on the F-16 fleet with the largest number in South America, it can be called the South American air bully. Who is not convinced? Do not accept it!

In the past, Chile relied on the tonnage of warships to dominate the Pacific coast of South America. Now it is not weak. Even looking at the entire South America, the strength of the Chilean navy is one of the best. They have 4 frigates retired from the Dutch navy, namely Sim Sco-class frigates and Karel Dorman-class frigates.

Among them, the Simsko-class frigate is a large-scale air defense frigate of the former Dutch Navy, with a full load displacement of 3750 tons. It has an MK-13 single-arm missile launcher, which can launch standard -1MR air defense missiles and has 40 ammunition. This is currently the entire South America The only surface warship in the region with regional air defense capabilities. Although it is somewhat unimaginable, it is true. The surveillance of other countries does not have the capability of regional air defense.

In addition, the Chilean Navy also owns 2 Leander-class frigates, 3 Type 23 frigates, and 1 Type 22 frigate, all of which are retired British navy ships, enough to bully and bully other countries' broken ships in the South Pacific.

Not only surface ships, the Chilean Navy also has underwater strike capabilities-submarines, they have 2 scorpionfish class submarines and 2 209 class submarines.

Among other things, one submarine is enough to destroy all the living forces at sea in a small South American country, and Chile has a total of four.

Although compared to the neighboring Brazilian Navy, there is no such large surface killer as the former USS Sao Paulo, but the overall strength of the Chilean Navy in other destroyers far exceeds the Brazilian Navy.

Of course, this is the brilliance many years ago. With the passage of time, the second-hand fighters and surface combat ships owned by the Chilean navy and air force have become relatively old. After all, they are all products of the 7th and 80s of the last century.

Brazil next to it is preparing to purchase the USS Atlantic amphibious assault ship from the United Kingdom. With Chile's aggressive weapon procurement character, it will inevitably respond. Although the two seas are not close together, this does not mean that they cannot meet unless they close together.

Unfortunately, because of the drop in copper prices, Chile's economic level has plummeted. Although it has a huge copper mine and a simple weapon and equipment update, the problem is not too big, but the pressure is not small to deal with the arms race of neighbors.

Judging from the current equipment system of the Chilean navy and air force, if Chile purchases weapons, it will inevitably focus on European weapons, especially the weapons and equipment of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Maintenance is also a system that can be seamlessly connected without too much training.

Therefore, once Chile’s plan for the procurement of modern weapons and equipment for the navy and air force is on the agenda, it will surely become a big cake for many European arms groups, and Yang Cheng wants to intervene in a private name, at least for a time difference.

Yang Cheng felt that it was necessary to go to Chile, and since he went to Chile, then Peru must drop by.

After all, as a neighbor of Chile, military strength must not be too weak, otherwise it will be swallowed up sooner or later.

Many people think that in the ranking of South American countries' military strength, Venezuela should be ranked above Peru. This is a big mistake. In fact, no matter which country is on the list, Peru has steadily surpassed Venezuela.

The most powerful part of Peru is that it has 8 submarines. Although it can’t compare with Venezuela in the number of tanks, Peru’s tanks are more advanced. In addition to its superiority in number, Venezuela’s old main battle tanks are also its army. Fang's big heart disease.

The most important thing is that Peru's economic strength is very stable. They have enough ability to update and replace weapons. Although the scale is unlikely to be large, it is better than guarding a pile of broken copper and iron?

Of course, the overall strength is still weaker than Chile. After all, a large proportion of the Peruvian population are Chinese, and many people have Chinese ancestry. Since ancient times, Chinese are not combative, but wherever there is a place where they can live in peace, I guess in my mind I only want to make money and live a small life, but I can avoid fighting.

Naturally, many Peruvians are also deeply affected.

Well, this theory is mostly a joke, but the Chinese in Peru are indeed a part of what has to be said.

Peru is a country with a population of 32 million. It is definitely a big country in South America. Similarly, Peru has the largest number of Chinese in South America.

The number of Chinese in Peru accounts for 1% of the total population, which is 320,000. If the mixed blood of Chinese descent is included, the total number of Chinese in Peru will not be less than 110, which is about 3 million.

This is definitely a ‘horrible’ ratio.

If you carefully check the registered permanent residence of the Chinese in Peru, you will find that most of them are high-quality mixed-race children, that is, they are beautifully born and retain the Chinese look and style.

The vast majority of Peruvian Chinese live in cities. The capital Lima has the largest number of Chinese. Many Chinese families who have thrived for many generations can even enter the upper class society. However, it is difficult to see in the economically underdeveloped central and eastern mountainous areas. Chinese faces.

All this has to start more than two hundred years ago. It was also an important period for the large-scale emigration of Chinese to Peru. At that time, the Manchu ZF was completely trampled under the feet of the world after experiencing the war. A series of unequal treaties signed by the Western powers left the common people with no respite from the heavy taxation.

Coupled with the 13-year-long Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, which caused incalculable casualties and property losses to the southern provinces, it is not an exaggeration to use **** to describe the mainland of China in that era.

People from Country Z who are faced with survival difficulties have to find a new way out. This is human nature.

Some chose to go to Nanyang nearby. After all, there is also a world with yellow skin and black hair. They are so close. Those people have not escaped the disaster and thought of returning to their hometowns in the future.

However, more people choose to travel across oceans and seek survival on another continent.

At the same time, the abolition of slavery systems introduced worldwide has made some Western countries in urgent need of cheap labor that can replace black slaves.

It is against this background that some Western businessmen have opened trading houses in coastal trading ports such as Macau and Hong Kong to export cheap Chinese coolies to Western countries.

At that time, the four South American countries that were dominated by plantation economy-Brazil, Peru, Argentina, and Venezuela were the main importing countries of Chinese laborers.

Among them, the history and number of Chinese immigrants in Peru may be the longest and largest. During the coolie trade period between the Qing Dynasty and Peru, about 120,000 GD and FJ contracted Chinese laborers were imported into Peru to engage in coolie labor.

I chose Peru because of its proximity. Of course, compared to the other four countries, the straight-line distance between Peru and Country Z was more than 17,000 kilometers. In the 19th century, when the transportation was underdeveloped, this was the same Thousands of miles make no difference. As the first stop for the Chinese to reach the South American mainland, naturally more Chinese workers are left behind.

It was also related to the needs of Peru at that time. At that time, Peru just got rid of Spanish colonial rule and declared independence. In order to accelerate economic development, Peru needed a lot of labor. However, at that time, Peru, with a land area of ​​only 1 million square kilometers, had a population of less than 2 million. Therefore, the Peruvian Congress passed an immigration bill. The main purpose of the bill is to attract immigrants to Peru to develop agriculture. Popularly speaking, it is to "dig bird droppings" in Peru.

Peru has a complex topography and a long coastline. From east to west, Peru has tropical rain forest, tropical desert, and plateau climate.

The warm coastal areas are rich in fish products. Where there are fish, there are naturally seabirds. Therefore, the number of seabirds is also quite large. The many small islands along the coast of Peru have become seabirds’ toilets, which are free and pure. Natural, the kind that can be used casually.

It just so happens that there is very little precipitation in the coastal areas of Peru. Over time, a large amount of bird droppings has been accumulated on the island. During the period when there were no chemical fertilizers in the plantation, bird droppings were an ideal natural fertilizer, and Peru's abundant bird droppings became a popular item. Resources".

So digging bird droppings is definitely not a joke.

At that time, there were no advanced machines, and the digging of bird droppings was done by human hands. The population was originally small, and the number of slaves was insufficient due to the abolition of black slave laws. After independence, Peruvian Indians also began to implement a small farm economy, and the number of indigenous laborers plummeted In addition, Peru’s Zhengzhou Bureau has been turbulent, and European immigrants have stopped.

Therefore, the labor force in Peru at that time was extremely scarce, and it became difficult to find who to "dig for bird droppings". In the end, Peruvian manor, zheng and businessmen found a way to buy labor force from the Qing Dynasty.

The sea conditions in those days were bad The boats were small and broken, and their lives were worthless. On the sea route to Peru, 10% or even 20% of the Chinese people did not even smell the air in South America. A life lost can be as tragic as it is.

But there is no way, in order to survive better, this risk is worth taking.

However, almost all Chinese laborers who arrived in Peru in the earliest period were deceived to Peru. Most of them were illiterate farmers or small businessmen. They didn’t even know where Peru was. They just heard about it. A lot of money can be made there.

With the dream of returning home, the laborer signed a contract with the Peruvian boss. The contract stipulates that the laborer must work for the boss for 8 years.

However, Peruvian bosses always forced the Chinese workers to re-sign when the contract was about to expire, with the intention of turning the Chinese workers into lifelong slaves. This was also a common situation in that era. It was cruel, unfair, but helpless.

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