Chapter 2101：

After several negotiations, BP still compromised. In April 1933, Cadman voluntarily revised the original lease contract, mainly to convert the 16% net profit commission given to the Persian authorities in the original contract to a per ton of mining volume. Pay a fixed fee.

This change shows a kind of sincerity. In fact, it is also an amendment to the telegraph sent the previous year. After all, BP's net profit is not Persia's control. If BP has no profit every year, wouldn't it be possible to extract Persian oil forever?

Cadman came to Persia in person with this new draft contract, and was quickly received by the king. The king was very enthusiastic and told him, "We just want to start again."

However, the subsequent negotiations based on the draft of the new agreement fell into a stalemate due to too many differences. The 10-month long game will depend on who is the "general" first.

Cadman prepared the last move-to force the palace. He urgently asked to see the king to say goodbye in person, saying that the negotiation broke down and he had to go back. The king immediately retained him and said that he was not willing to let his distinguished guests leave so early.

Sure enough, the two parties soon reached a new lease agreement. In addition to reflecting the fixed cost per ton, the new agreement also increased the dividend sharing ratio and the minimum payment: no less than 750,000 pounds per year.

Kadman’s force was not for a lore, but for a draw as quickly as possible. In fact, the same was true for King Prazan Khan Pahlavi.

After the shadow of the Great Depression gradually passed, BP's mining volume in Persia skyrocketed, and Persian ZF also received a large amount of income, reaching a historic 3.5 million pounds in 1937.

The relationship between the king and the BP company became more and more harmonious. King Pahlavi attached great importance to the modernization of the country. In 1935, he decided to change the name of the country from Persia to Iran. The British-Polish (Slovakia) Petroleum Company was renamed the British-Iranian (Lang) Petroleum Company.

In addition to occupying Persia's oil base camp, the Anglo-Polish oil company also extends its tentacles to almost all Gulf countries.

The first is the next-door neighbor Ilak, which dates back to 1901. After Mariotte successfully signed a historic contract in Tehran on behalf of Darcy, he passed through Constantinople on the way back to obtain a lease in Mesopotamia. Right, but without success.

Later, the German, British and Dutch companies formed the Turkish Petroleum Company. Due to the first-mover advantage of the British-Polish company in the Middle East, it owns a 50% stake in the joint venture.

After the end of the First World War, in 1920, the Supreme Council of the Allied Powers decided that Britain would be the mandatory state of Iraq and Palestine.

Britain and France signed the "San Remo Agreement", which stipulated the oil monopoly of Britain and France in Mesopotamia. France replaced the defeated Germany.

Dissatisfied with the interest monopoly of Britain and France in the Middle East, the consortium of seven American oil companies invited Gulbenkian, a famous American entrepreneur and philanthropist, to come forward and mediate with the Anglo-Polish company.

At the same time, the US ZF also put pressure on the British ZF. Churchill, then Minister of the Colony, wrote to the Foreign Secretary Curzon, “As long as the Americans are excluded from Iraq’s oil development, we will never have peace in the Middle East”.

Then Curzon announced that Britain was ready to abandon the "San Remo Agreement", and the United States reciprocated: The Naval Committee is drawing up an agreement aimed at ending the British-US naval standoff and is adopting a more tolerant attitude towards British oil expansion in Latin America.

Subsequently, the U.S. Petroleum Consortium and the Anglo-Polish company conducted six-year negotiations on the U.S.’s participation in the Turkish Petroleum Corporation, and finally signed the famous "Red Line Agreement" in 1928, which replaced the "Sacred Rays Agreement" eight years ago. The Agreement of Mozambique became the new sword of Damos hanging over the Middle East.

According to this agreement, Anglo-Polish, Shell, and the so-called consortium of seven oil companies in France and the United States, which actually only have Standard Oil, each account for 23.75% of Turkish Petroleum’s shares, and the remaining 5% is owned by Gulburn. Kian got it, and Gu's got a good name from then on: Mr. 5%!

In the "Red Line Agreement", the joint exploitation scope of five companies in the four countries is delineated, which is the oil map drawn by the red circle: east of Egypt, west of Persia, all Gulf oil countries except Kuwait!

The interests of the United States are protected by the "Red Line Agreement", while the Anglo-Polish company seized the Turkish Petroleum Company’s “self-waiver” clause in 1914 to clamp down on American companies’ behavior, which stipulated all oil sources in the Arab region (except Egypt and Kuwait, in addition, Persia is not an Arab country, but a *country) must be collectively developed by the Turkish oil company.

In 1946, the international situation changed and the United States became the largest country. Therefore, with the support of ZF, Standard Oil unilaterally declared the "Red Line Agreement" invalid, and the Turkish Petroleum Company was dissolved.

In the 18 years since the "Red Line Agreement" came into effect, the position of the Anglo-Polish company's Middle East oil hegemony was gradually weakened by the United States, and the two major oil producers, Iraq and Kuwait, were successively lost.

In the end, the British were left with only one rich reserves of Yilang. The Americans had long coveted the treasures of the British. After World War II, the position of Britain-Iran in Iran was severely challenged by the United States and Iranian ZF.

To tell the truth, this kind of "end" in the UK is completely self-reliant.

Because in 1941 during World War II, the British and Soviet Union forces invaded Iran and overthrew King Khan Pahlavi, known as the collusion with Germany, and supported his son Mohammed to succeed.

During the war, the country completely controlled the country. After the war, the United States strengthened its penetration of Iran and tried to share Iran’s oil resources with the United Kingdom. It has been unable to influence Iran alone, and has lost its original allies. It is simply shooting itself in the foot.

Only two years later, Venezuela, the largest oil exporter in South America, and Standard Oil of the United States signed a 50-50 agreement.

This incident is of milestone significance, which has greatly stimulated the oil-exporting countries in the Middle East, and has also made major Western oil companies that extract oil in these countries a little more wary.

Yilang proposed a fifty-fifth share request, which was rejected by the British-Iranian company. The British-Iranian company took the initiative and proposed a supplementary agreement to increase the rental fee of 4 shillings per ton stipulated in the 1933 agreement to 6 shilling.

For example, according to the 1933 agreement standard, Yilang deserved 13 million pounds in 1949, the new agreement increased to 22 million pounds, and a lump-sum payment of 5 million pounds.

In fact, the Anglo-Iranian company has had a lot of difficulties. Since World War II, the company has paid the high tax collected by the British ZF, which is almost twice the amount paid to Yilang.

In 1950, Saudi King Ibn Saudi Arabia and Standard Oil, Texaco and other companies jointly established Aramco, and signed a fifty-five share agreement. This was the first case in the Middle East that followed Venezuela.

After that, the British situation in Iraq worsened. The reason was that a group of patriots emerged in Iraq. Their representative was the leader of the Iranian National Front, Mossadeh. His main ZZ advocacy was oil nationalization. They believed that British force Seize power of Iraq’s oil resources and interfere with Iraq’s sovereignty.

The highly popular Mossadhai became prime minister and soon signed a bill to nationalize Iran’s oil. Since then, the situation has become extremely complicated.

British Foreign Minister Morrison stated ZF's attitude: It will never recognize Iran's unilateral decision.

The Minister of the Interior Callahan directly stated that the navy is ready to send ships to Cyprus and the Gulf, and if necessary, will take Abadan by force.

The Secretary of Defense said that if Iraq is allowed to succeed this time without being punished, Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries will also be encouraged. Maybe the next time it will be the nationalization of the Suez Canal, which is absolutely not allowed by the United Kingdom.

But the United States firmly opposed the use of force by the United Kingdom, and they worried that the war might let Iraq fall into the hands of the Soviet Union.

Forced by Yin Wei to obey the views of the United States, Britain still expressed its stance to Iran through diplomatic channels. If Iran cannot mediate on the basis of the 1933 agreement, it will bring a lawsuit to the International Court of Justice in The Hague.

And Mosadhai’s reply is simple: This is a matter within the sovereignty of Iraq and the British have no right to interfere!

Although many parties participated in the mediation, the situation has not been alleviated. By June, Yilang began to confiscate the assets of the British-Iranian company. Armed soldiers surrounded the British-Iranian company's office building and held a grand and warm nationalization celebration there.

The general manager of the Anglo-Iranian company in Iran insisted on fighting, but when he learned that his actions were punishable by death in accordance with a newly announced law, he fled to Iraq without having time to pack his luggage.

At the end of September, the Iraqi Lang army occupied the Abadan oil refinery. In early October, all the British-Iranian company employees boarded to pick up their Royal Navy cruiser, and the British-Iranian company completely withdrew.

The lips are dead and the teeth are cold, UU reading and other Occidental Petroleum companies are unwilling to fill the vacancies left by Britain and Iraq. The British-Iranian company also warned any organization or individual not to purchase assets left by Britain and Iran. The British-Iranian company believes If Iran can’t export oil, its finances will go wrong, so it will naturally be found.

At the end of October 1951, Mossad Station visited the United States, defending Iran’s actions at the United Nations, and met with officials at all levels, including General Tong.

Mosadtai won widespread respect. Truman even wrote to Prime Minister Churchill, who had just returned to power, to persuade him to recognize the oil nationalization of Iraq. Churchill certainly dismissed it and failed to follow suit.

The respectable thing about Mossadeh is that he only has the sovereignty of Iraqi Lang in his heart, and he does not succumb to the powers. The Americans have gradually realized that they cannot obtain the benefits of Iraqi Lang through him.

However, the Iraqi people were unlucky, and Truman, who supported the nationalization of Iraq, quickly stepped down. Eisenhower became the U.S. chief in 1953. Before the Iraqi economy collapsed due to lack of oil revenue, Churchill proposed to Eisenhower military affairs. The request for intervention, the Americans finally started!

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