Chapter 175： Enter the dynamic field

After all the dust settled in the Marr company, Bao Zixuan entered the research and development of the power field. Now he not only needs to complete the aerodynamics thesis, but also to develop the car engine, which is very simple for an aerodynamics engineer.

MIT students finally found some problems in the library, and Bao Zixuan, who had a huge influence in the school, is now back at the school. In addition to the usual classes, the place where he spends the longest time now is the library.

What Bao Zixuan read this time was all about engines, and he mainly focused on automobiles and aviation power. It can be said that he is really entering the profession now, and the products developed in the past are all for the purpose of making money. Now it's not just about making money, it's more of a hobby.

The first item to be developed is automotive power. Bao Zixuan has to find a lot of information. Fortunately, MIT has the best basic technology information.

In 1769, the Frenchman N.J.Guigneau built a three-wheeled vehicle powered by gas combustion to generate steam. But the speed of this kind of car is only 4 kilometers per hour, and it is very troublesome to stop every 15 minutes to add coal to the boiler. Later, the car hit a brick wall on one of the trips and was torn apart.

German engineer Karl Benz successfully tested a two-stroke experimental engine for the first time. In October 1883, he founded the "Benz Company and the Rhine Gas Engine Factory", and in 1885, he made the first Benz patented motor vehicle in Mannheim, which was a three-wheeled vehicle with a two-wheeled vehicle. A gasoline engine with a single stroke of 0.9 horsepower, this car has some basic features of modern cars, such as spark ignition, water cooling cycle, steel tube frame, leaf spring suspension, rear wheel drive front wheel steering and brake handle. On January 29, 1886, German engineer Karl Benz applied for a patent for his motor vehicle. In November of the same year, Karl Benz's three-wheeled vehicle was granted a German patent. This is recognized as the world's first modern car. For the above reasons, people generally regard 1886 as the first year of the automobile, and some scholars regard the year Karl Benz made the first three-wheeled automobile (1885) as the year of the automobile's birth.

In 1829, James of England invented a steam car with a speed of 25 kilometers per hour, which can be used as a big car. Equipped with bulky boilers and lots of coal, the cars belched black smoke, polluted the streets, made rumbling noises, and had frequent accidents. In 1860, the French worker Runoard invented the internal combustion engine, which used a gas engine of about 1 horsepower to drive the car, but the effect was not good. However, the automobile is produced under the influence of this internal combustion engine. Since then, many people want to improve the internal combustion engine and use it in the car. In 1882, German engineer Wilhelm Daimler began research on internal combustion engines. He invented the automatic ignition device that ignited the engine with an electric spark, and then built an excellent gasoline engine on the basis of this invention. This engine has a simple and compact structure at 900 revolutions per minute, and can generate a lot of power. In 1883, Daimler completed this gasoline engine, and the following year began to assemble it on two-wheelers, three-wheelers and four-wheelers to make gasoline-engine cars. Especially the gasoline engine four-wheeled truck made in 1886, equipped with l. 5 horsepower engine, the speed can reach 18 kilometers per hour.

1885 was the year of a decisive breakthrough in the invention of the automobile. Benz, who was at the same factory as Daimler at the time, was also working on cars. He made a gasoline engine almost at the same time as Daimler in 1885, installed it in a car, and traveled at a speed of 12 kilometers per hour, which was a success. This year, British Butler also invented a car with a gasoline engine. In addition, Bernard of Italy also invented the automobile, and Puchlov and Vlopov of Russia invented the automobile with internal combustion engine.

The world's first research on electric vehicles was a telex device completed in the laboratory by Hungarian engineer ányos Jedlik in 1828. The first actually built electric car was invented by American Anderson between 1832 and 1839.

The battery used in this electric vehicle is relatively simple and cannot be recharged. In 1899, the German Borscher invented a hub motor to replace the chain drive commonly used in automobiles at that time. subsequently

Developed the Lohner-Porsche electric car, which uses a lead-acid battery as a power source and is directly driven by an in-wheel electric motor in the front wheel, which is also the first car named after Porsche. At the 1900 Paris World's Fair, the car debuted under the name Toujours-Contente and was a sensation.

Subsequently, Porsche also installed two in-wheel electric motors on the rear wheels of Lohner-Porsche, thus giving birth to the world's first four-wheel drive electric car. But the battery used in this car is large in size and weight, and the top speed is only 60 kilometers per hour. In order to solve these problems, Porsche added an internal combustion engine to the electric car in 1902 to generate electricity to drive the in-wheel motor, which is also the world's first hybrid car.

In 1620, the Italian Branca invented the "counterattack turbine steam turbine" to drive the wheel. In 1766, British inventor James Watt (1736--1819) improved the steam engine and opened the prelude to the first industrial revolution.

Nan Huairen, a Jesuit, designed a steam-powered car for the emperor of China in 1672. It was a 65 cm long toy car and could not carry people or drivers. It is uncertain whether the designed car was successful later. , which may have been the earliest designed car.

In 1769, French army engineer Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built the first steam engine-powered car. Due to the failure of the steering system during the test drive, it hit the wall of the Banshengnu Arsenal and was smashed to pieces. This is the world's first motor vehicle accident. In 1771, Nicolas Joseph Günau improved the steam car, which could reach a speed of 9.5000 meters per hour and tow 4-5 tons of goods.

In 1794, the Englishman Streit first proposed the idea of ​​mixing fuel and air to make a mixed gas for combustion. In 1796, Italian scientist Walz invented the world's first battery, which brought a historic turning point for the birth and development of automobiles. In 1801, the Frenchman Leben proposed the principle of the gas engine.

In 1803, French engineer Treveco (1771-1833) adopted a new type of high-pressure steam engine, which could take 8 people and travel at an average speed of 13km/h.

In 1838, the British inventor Hennart invented the world's first internal combustion engine ignition device, which was called "a revolution in the history of the world's automobile development".

In 1860, French electrical engineer Leno made the first gas engine that ignited gas with an electric spark. In 1862, French electrical engineer Leno developed the two-stroke internal combustion engine. Others started working on four-stroke engines.

In 1867, German engineer Nikolaus Otto (1832--1891) successfully developed the world's first reciprocating piston four-stroke gas engine. In 1876, Nicoros Otto produced the first four-stroke internal combustion engine, a single-cylinder horizontal 3-kW internal combustion engine with a compression ratio of 2.5.

In 1885, this was the moment when the real modern car was born. This year, German engineer Karl Benz built a tricycle equipped with a 0.85-horsepower gasoline engine in Mannheim. This car with an internal combustion engine is considered the real first car in the world because it was the first car to be powered by gasoline, not a steam engine.

In 1886, the Mannheim Patent Office granted Carl Benz a patent for the three-wheeled vehicle he developed in 1885, a day most people call the birth day of the modern car. The following year, the German Daimler made the world's first four-wheeled car. After that, the German Nikolaos Otto announced to give up the patent of the four-stroke engine he obtained, and anyone can make it according to their needs.

On January 29, 1886, Carl Benz obtained the world's first patent for an automobile engine. In July of the same year, the world's first four-wheeled vehicle was officially sold. In 1888, French bicycle merchant Emile Rogers obtained a license from Mercedes-Benz to start producing commercial vehicles.

In this era, these materials can only be found at MIT. Bao Zixuan entered the library in the early stage of research and development of automobiles, and some patents to be purchased must be carried out simultaneously. Now it seems that research and development of automobiles still has a long way to go.

Entering modern civilization, all the patented technologies in the field of engines are in a few countries such as Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, and RB. However, it still cannot catch up with developed countries in the fields of aviation power and automobile power.

The automobile industry is related to a country's comprehensive industrial strength, and the engine is the most demanding in this regard. With the current processing strength of Heiyun Group, there is no problem at all. However, the basic materials are still very lacking, and it seems that we still have to cooperate with the Soviets. In the field of basic materials, the Soviets have always been very strong, but there is no room to play.

The excellent alloys of the Soviets are more used in the military field, and now Bao Zixuan should be feasible if he proposes cooperation. But there is also a troublesome thing. Once the Soviet Union sends troops to Afghanistan, there will be many restrictions on the Soviet Union in the world.

The Black Cloud Group imported a lot of its raw materials when the Soviet Union was sanctioned, and would provide the Soviet Union with a lot of foreign exchange. In that case, the United States will be very unhappy, and Bao Zixuan will definitely be unlucky at that time. Now it seems that he can only use this year to buy as many raw materials as possible. There is stock to deal with for a while after sanctions. I was smuggling part of it when the wind was not so tight. Now it seems that it is too difficult to rely on one person and one company to develop cars, but this is not the reason why Bao Zixuan wants to give up.

If you want to become an auto giant, it is impossible without patent licensing. Now the auto patents are in the hands of these auto giants, if they can't get it, it will be very difficult in the future. It seems that there is still a long way to go in the development of automobiles.

However, it is thought that Huaxia will dismantle some projects for economic development in the future. At that time, Yun 10 researchers can be brought to Xiangjiang for the research and development of Heiyun large aircraft. No matter how difficult it is, Bao Zixuan has to develop his own cars and planes. This goal does not change and cannot be changed.

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