Chapter 13： integrated circuit is the direction

At some point, the Soviets were quite stubborn. For example, they were indifferent in the face of the electronic revolution in the West, and continued to use electronic tubes on a large scale. They were huge in size, had few functions, and consumed a lot of electricity, and they all heated up. And they use electronic tubes, racking their brains to come up with various methods, and strive to achieve breakthroughs in performance. This ability to integrate is quite powerful. If they have the same electronic technology as the West, they will definitely develop better than the West. More powerful systems to come.

In fact, the Soviet Union also had transistor technology. The Soviet Union had transistors in the 1950s. In May 1953, the Soviet Union established a special semiconductor factory НИИ-35, which later called the "Pulsar" complex to mass-produce semiconductor devices; in 1955, A production line for the production of transistors was also established at the "Svetlana" plant in Leningrad. In the 1970s, there was Elbrus, a supercomputer made of integrated circuits.

However, at that time the Soviets also believed that the tube must have potential to be tapped. In 1953, the rod-core vacuum tube appeared, greatly reduced in size, and stuffed into the first artificial earth satellite at the same time, and the power was much higher than that of American satellites using transistors.

Due to the interests of the department, the old-fashioned electronics experts of the Soviet Union resisted transistors, and there is even a point of view in the military that transistors cannot withstand powerful electromagnetic pulses and cannot be used in nuclear war!

Therefore, in the Soviet military industry at this time, it was almost still dominated by vacuum tubes. Like the current MiG-25, the radar power of fighter jets is huge, and the manufacturer is complacent, claiming that what can cook a rabbit is actually just a big oven. , is not as good as the US radar of the same period!

It's not too late. If you realize that transistors and integrated circuits are the real direction in the future, and catch up in this area, the Soviet Union's electronic technology should be able to reach the same level as the United States, or even surpass it! After all, the Soviet Union had institutional superiority! In the planned economic system, as long as the above funds support it, there is no need to think about whether there is a market.

Now, most of the circuits on this American-made EP-3 are transistors and integrated circuits! This was also the first time that Soviet experts came into contact with the specialized military electronic jammers of the United States. The actions of their American counterparts surprised them.

Transistors and integrated circuits! is this OK?

At this moment, a voice from behind made them turn around and saw the comrade in the base who came with the commander, solemnly stating his point of view to them: "Transistors and integrated circuits are composed of The volume and weight of the electronic system are much smaller than that of the electronic tube circuit, the energy consumption is also small, and more functions can be achieved. Look at this EP-3 electronic reconnaissance aircraft in the United States, which can detect our Soviet navy and air force. All frequency bands, recording all kinds of electronic information, if we use our own electronic tubes to manufacture, I am afraid that an An-22 transport aircraft will not be able to fit. Especially integrated circuits, is the development direction of electronic technology, we have to focus on integrated circuits Kung fu is right."

This circuit board provides signals for the output screen, and the integrated circuit can easily perform D/A conversion. If it is done with electronic tubes... There is no large case that cannot fit this circuit board.

"Andre, what are you talking about? The people at the scene are all experts." Beside Andre, Kuoridub's face shook and said.

Isn't this Banmen's axe? Andrei is just a pilot, does he know so much?

Simonov's eyes lit up.

"If there is a nuclear war, wouldn't these circuits be destroyed?" said a technician.

"We are not afraid of nuclear war, and we are well prepared for nuclear war. However, I don't think a large-scale nuclear war can break out. After all, if a nuclear war does break out, then even if we win, what remains will be An apocalyptic world. We know the result, and so do the Americans." Andre said: "I guess that the future wars will be high-tech, electronic technology, not nuclear warfare."

Will there be no nuclear war? Is the war of the future a high-tech war? Are those decision makers in Moscow all idiots? Suddenly, an engineer wanted to laugh.

"Like our current MiG-25, although the radar on the nose is very powerful, most of the power is converted into heat and consumed, and the remaining useful power is insufficient. Due to the limited processing capacity of the electronic tube, our The radar has very few functions, and it does not even have the capability of pulse Doppler, so it cannot filter out the signal from the ground echo." Andre continued: "As a result, our MiG-25 fighter can only intercept high-altitude aircraft. The target, if the enemy plane penetrates the defense at an ultra-low altitude and a high surface speed, we will not be able to find it. Now, the latest American Tomcat fighter, with the supporting AWG-9 radar, can already guide six missiles at the same time and attack six target."

Electron tubes? How big is the computer made by the electron tube? Integrated circuits are the direction! The Cyclone-A radar of the MiG-25, UU reading weighs half a ton, and uses an inverted Cassegrain antenna with an aperture of more than 1 meter, but its function is very simple. The nominal peak power is as high as 600 kilowatts. Most of it is lost in the form of heat. The detection range of a typical bomber target is only 100 kilometers. Only a simple air search can be performed in a single-pulse system. After the target is captured, the target is locked and guided in the single-target tracking mode. Induce an airborne missile to attack.

Andre is absolutely right, the Mikoyan Design Bureau also knows the technical flaws, so the Tikhmirov Institute of Instrument Manufacturing began to help develop pulsed Doppler on the basis of the MiG-23 high-altitude skylark radar. radar.

"Comrade Andrei, how did you know this knowledge?" Simonov asked with great interest. When he came to the Sokolovka base this time and met such a pilot, Simonov had a feeling of encountering a confidant. a feeling of. Thinking of the series of problems facing the T-10 now, it may be time to change your mind.

"Before I became a pilot, I attended an electronics course at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute," Andrei said. "Actually, influenced by my father, I was very interested in electronic technology since I was a child, and I once made a mineral radio by myself. Entered the Air Force. After that, I collected air force information at home and abroad."

Andre remembered his father in this world, but the engineer of the power station! With a deep knowledge base of electronic technology, Andrei was fascinated by his ears and eyes, and he loved to tinker with some things since he was a child. Now, the technical information of the American Tomcat fighter has long been no secret, and the experiment of intercepting six targets at the same time has also been done.

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