Chapter 230： electronic technology

Zelenograd, a satellite town outside Moscow, codenamed НИИ-35 Institute for Research and Development of Semiconductor Electronics.

Here is the advanced enterprise of the Soviet Union's semiconductor electronic technology, and in later generations, it is also the backbone enterprise of Russia's microwave solid-state circuits and devices: the "Pulsar" scientific production complex.

In the Soviet Union, there has always been an argument that electron tubes dominate the world, but this does not mean that the Soviet Union's transistor and integrated circuit industries started late. Twenty years ago at the beginning of 1953, when the transistor was just invented in the United States, А.И Berg, an academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and an expert in the Soviet Navy's electronic engineering who was then the deputy minister of defense, drafted a letter to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. ****** letter recommending that development work on transistors be carried out. In May of the same year, at a meeting chaired by М.Г. Berusin, Minister of Communications Industry, it was decided to organize a special semiconductor research institute, which became the famous semiconductor research institute.

At the same time, the genius of the Soviet Union in the field of electronic technology, a 25-year-old Georgian girl Suzanne Madoyan came here. Under the guidance of her mentor Kraslov, she successfully manufactured the first transistor in the Soviet Union and started the Soviet Union. The beginning of the transistor industry.

The Soviet Union's transistor and integrated circuit industries have experienced many twists and turns. Due to the conflict of departmental interests, electron tubes began to occupy a dominant position in the Soviet Union's equipment. At this time, the West began to develop large-scale The use of transistors and integrated circuits left the Soviet Union far behind in terms of electronics.

in later generations. In the 1980s, the Soviet Union began to catch up with the West in microelectronics technology. Unfortunately, the technological generation gap has been unable to catch up with the advanced level of the West.

"If we want to achieve informatization and digitization in the military, we need strong electronic technology." As he walked, Andre said: "We need to unswervingly develop our microelectronics technology, especially integrated circuits."

"General Andre. You are right." Beside Andre. A spirited old man with gray hair responded: "Now, the country has determined the direction, making microelectronics technology a breakthrough in the key field, and we have given up the continued research and development of miniaturization of electronic tubes. That is the end."

This person is the leader of the Soviet electronics industry, Alexander Ivanovich Shokin, who became the first deputy minister of the Soviet electronics industry in 1955, and began his nearly 30-year leadership career in the electronics industry, at work. He actively supports the semiconductor industry, otherwise, the 35 institutes would have almost been dismissed that year.

Now, accompanied by Marshal Ogarkov. And Major General Andrei came to inspect the progress of his own electronics industry. Shaokin was also cautious. Now, Marshal Ogarkov is definitely the most showy person in the army. It is said that the general secretary is also very optimistic about him.

"Now, we are already studying the area of ​​one square centimeter. An attempt to integrate two thousand transistors." Entering the conference room, a responsible middle-aged woman began to introduce. She's Susannah, and she's now the head here.

One square centimeter, only two thousand are integrated! And now, in the West, 150,000 can already be integrated in an area of ​​0.5 square centimeters! Andre couldn't help frowning: "Can our technical level reach this level?"

The woman showed an apologetic look and said, "Yes, we need a series of industrial production equipment starting from the purification of silicon. We are now studying the equipment and improving the integration level, and it can reach the current level. Great progress, just last year, we obtained some new processing equipment from the GDR, which has greatly improved our integrated circuit development."

The Soviet weapons have always been five big and three thick. This kind of equipment that requires fine manufacturing has always been in short supply in the Soviet Union. Now, the Soviet Union is catching up, but the starting point is still very low.

Processing Equipment! Western technology has always been higher than that of the Soviet Union. In order to restrict the export of high-tech equipment to the Soviet Union, Western countries have also set up a Batumi (Paris Coordinating Committee) organization to restrict it. There was also the Toshiba Machine Tool incident of later generations.

Self-reliance? In many cases, the Soviet Union was indeed unable to produce such equipment on its own, and it would take a long time to develop it by itself, so it would be better to introduce it quickly.

It would be great if we could take over the entire island country! The electronic technology of the island country is quite developed. Companies such as Toshiba and Sony, the electronic technology leads the trend of the whole world, and even the United States is envious!

It's a pity that it didn't go south in one fell swoop.

Thinking of this, Andre was a little sighed. Of course, as a national leader, he must have considered it from more perspectives, and he would not go to war just to obtain advanced industries like himself.

"Yeah, we originally thought our technology was advanced, and we didn't know our gap until we dismantled the American military equipment." Shaojin said: "It was from that time that our country's top leaders made the decision. , completely shift the focus of our electronics industry to the microelectronics industry."

Dismantle American military equipment!

The Soviet Union is also the most proficient in getting the first-hand military equipment of the Americans, dismantling and reverse imitation. Unfortunately, in the Cold War, it was very difficult to get American equipment.

Hearing this, Andre knew what it was, it must be the EP-3 that he crashed into last year! At the beginning, the plane landed on our own base, and then it was dismantled by our own side. No matter what the Yankees wanted, they did not return it to them.

When I was just dismantling and researching , it was the experts from the Sukhoi Design Bureau. They were not the most professional, but like here, it is a department specializing in basic electronic technology, which is naturally the most suitable for research. Those institutions of American electronic technology, they can not only study various peripheral circuits, but also study the internal structure of American chips!

It was this electronic reconnaissance plane that made the Soviet executives realize the gap. Finally, the old-fashioned electronic tube technology stopped developing, and there was no point of development, and began to accelerate the catch-up on the chip.

"How long will it take to develop the equipment we need for the informatization troops?" Marshal Ogarkov asked. This is what he is most concerned about. He doesn't understand the specific technology. Lower Sector Research.

"It will take three to five years." Susannah said bravely: "This is still the most conservative estimate." (To be continued.)

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