Chapter 478： March into Rome

Eder's gaze is still focused here after the countries broke up at the Genoa meeting because of the Soviet-Russian foreign debt problem. Because the current situation in Italy is extremely chaotic, all this is caused by the war.

Before the First World War, Italy had a good economy, and its fiscal revenue and national income were higher than those of Austria-Hungary (I found a lot of information). However, in coal, iron and grain, which demonstrate the strength of the country, Italy has shown its true shape. Its steel output is 1.42 million tons, and Austria-Hungary, one higher than him, has 5 million tons. For coal, the output of 700,000 tons is ridiculous. Japan, which is short of coal, has 14 million tons, not to mention the output of tens of millions or hundreds of millions of tons in other countries. As for food, 8.1 million tons in Italy are still at the bottom.

More importantly, Italy’s performance in the war was too bad. The backstab of Austro-Hungary caused Italy to hit a bag in the northern mountains, and even needed British and French rescues. The navy performed slightly better, but it was limited to the blockade of the Austro-Hungarian fleet.

The poor performance on the battlefield was ultimately reflected in the results after the war.

The conditions originally given to Italy by Britain and France were for Tyrol, Trieste, Istria, part of the Dalmatian coast, and the Dodecanese Islands where the Greeks live. It also allowed Italy to expand its African colony and participate in the partition of the Ottoman Empire.

But the final result was only Trieste and South Tyrol, and nothing else. In particular, the Istrian Peninsula and the Dalmatian coast, which are most coveted in Italy, have not been obtained. If you get two places, Italy will basically monopolize the Adriatic Sea. However, these two places have already been assigned to Serbia (this is also one of the reasons why Italy and Yugoslavia were strained before World War II).

The Italian nationals, who failed to get enough benefits and suffered heavy losses due to the war, quit. They ousted the prime minister of Orlando who was negotiating. So from 1919 until Mussolini came to power, Italy changed five prime ministers in just three years. This is a manifestation of the violent political turmoil in Italy.

Of course, the political chaos also affects other aspects. What the people can feel most is the economy and public order. After the end of the war, the Italian economy has never recovered to its pre-war level. In terms of public security, the world-famous Mafia is also rioting all over Italy. Their acts of kidnapping, extortion, and vendetta have made the people miserable. The political chaos made these mafia arrogance increasingly arrogant, and at this time a war correspondent broke into the political arena.

Benito Mussolini was born in a small town called Predapio in the province of Ferrara, Italy. The teenager Mussolini spent three years in a local elementary school. He was then sent to the Charity Association to run One of the boarding schools was expelled from school for fighting with classmates after studying.

Later Mussolini continued his studies at the Carducci Normal School in Forlimpopoli, and in 1901 obtained a diploma with good grades. In 1902, he began to live in exile in various parts of the world. He was a substitute teacher and part-time job. He lived in an unsettled home and had no food.

In 1905, Mussolini joined the Socialist Party. In 1912, he served as the editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Qianjin Bao", a newspaper of the socialist party. In 1914, he left the Socialist Party and founded the "Italian Volkswagen". Was drafted into the army in the year. In June 1917, Mussolini retired from the army due to injuries, and once again served as editor-in-chief of the "Italian Volkswagen.

During this period Mussolini was deeply influenced by Nietzsche's voluntarism. He praised the subjective fighting spirit, emphasized that the purpose of life is to exert power, and believed that "superman" is the creator of history. Mussolini also studied Pareto's writings and therefore opposed national politics.

He said: "Equality and the rule of the people are human misconceptions. When implemented, the development of individuality will be restricted." He also studied the philosophy of Nietzsche and Sorell, which had a great influence on his later thinking.

The political chaos gave Mussolini a considerable boost, and he used his newspaper to vigorously promote his theory of ***. It is believed that a great country must centralize power in order to ensure development and allow its people to live and work in peace. For this reason, he also gave a lot of examples, from the ancient Caesar to the modern Napoleon, and even the Romanian Edel, he also mentioned it (flattered).

With excellent eloquence and propaganda, Mussolini established the National Communist Party in 1922. A large number of people who were disappointed in the government joined it, and he was also called the "leader" by the party members.

Mussolini, who formed the National Communist Party, will soon usher in a major opportunity. Because of the increase in the cost of living and workers' dissatisfaction with their meager wages, a large-scale strike broke out in Italy in 1922.

And Messoni actually has no prejudice against the workers who went on strike, but as a political figure, he knew his chance was coming.

The reason is very simple. Only the government is capable of stopping the strike. However, the current chaos in the Italian political arena has made the government's blocking behavior empty talk. At this time, as long as the Communist Party can quell the strike, it will greatly increase the reputation of its party and itself. This is a very tempting move for the Communist Party.

More secretly, I can’t say that as long as he can solve the strike problem, then rich factory owners can generously donate. To put it plainly, politics is a money-burning game, and the Communist Party sees this very clearly.

So he commanded his own party members to destroy the strike. But the result was to his satisfaction, and the upsurge of strikes everywhere was quelled by the Communist Party members.

At this time, public opinion praised the behavior of the Communist Party, and at the same time called Mussolini the savior of Italy, and he also had greater ambitions in the praise. Since he is called the savior of Italy, why can't he solve the current chaos in Italian politics?

After having this idea, Mussolini immediately planned to realize his ambition. The chaos in the political arena for many years made him feel that there are too many uncertain factors in the elections. For this reason, he thought of seizing power by force.

If you want to seize power, you must ensure that the army does not oppose it. So he expressed his kindness to the Army. In the newspaper, he publicly proclaimed that *** has special respect for Vittori Avignon's army, and took the opportunity to win over the top of the army.

At the same time, he also organized the Communist Party members into a more militarized black shirt army. This is also composed of the young and strongest members of the party. They only need an order from the leader to drive into Rome and tear up the noisy members of Congress.

After feeling that he was almost ready, Mussolini ordered a national mobilization of the Communist Party at the headquarters of the ***, and formed the Supreme Command Then the Supreme Command issued a message to the nationals of the country, announcing March into Rome. At the same time, they advised the military and police not to fight against them, saying that their goal is only to overthrow the decadent ruling class, to persuade the property class not to be afraid, and to declare to protect the legitimate rights of workers and peasants. He also threatened that the Communist Party is loyal to the royal family, intending to win over the Italian royalist party in an attempt to reduce the resistance to seizing power.

After everything was ready, the "Revolutionary Declaration" was issued in Mussolini, and then tens of thousands of black troops set off for Rome.

When the *** marched towards Rome, most of the government troops and police along the way were strictly neutral. Only a few people led by the Communist Party blocked and opposed this, but due to the disparity in power, they were suppressed by the Communist Party members.

After the *** issued a fighting declaration, almost all the political parties were frightened. Some surrendered obediently, and some wagged their tails and demanded mercy from the *** subordinates. Some hide secretly like mice. Even a group of congressmen came to the Milan newspaper to see Mussolini. They wanted to exchange the central government for an armistice or truce.

Faced with the plea of ​​these cowardly politicians, Mussolini certainly would not agree. He was still waiting for a news, that was the king's approval.

and did not let him wait long, a day later, the king’s adjutant General Sidardini asked Mussolini to come to Rome quickly, and the king wanted to put the heavy responsibility of building the cabinet on him. Mussolini's gamble was won, and at the same time it allowed the Communist Party to change from a newly formed party to the country's ruling party in just over a year. And his way of seizing power has also attracted the attention and study of many people.

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