v3 Chapter 201： Tsarist Russia and the Ottoman Black Sea Crisis

Recently, the potential crisis of the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire has drawn attention from all over Europe. Considered one of the worst crises since 1856.

The outside world was worried that the Russian Empire would invade the Bessarabia region in the northern part of the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, the United Kingdom, the French Empire, the Austrian Empire and other countries began to coordinate and coordinate diplomatically with the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

On March 25, 1865, Tsarist Russian Empire Alexander II published the theme of "On the History of Tsarist Russia in the Black Sea" to the 200,000 citizens of St. Peter to the Square of Tsarist Russia. He said that the Tsarist Empire began in Besala in 1812. The Biya area was ruled, but after the defeat in the Crimean War in 1856, it was forced to cede the area to the Ottoman Empire. The Russian Empire was never the loser, and he promised not to let the Russian Empire swallow it up. This bitter fruit.

This announcement is considered to be an attempt by the Tsarist Empire to gain momentum for the annexation of Bessarabia.

On April Fool's Day, April 1, 1865, on this day of laughter and laughter, several countries actually announced that they had ordered their own diplomats and citizens from various countries in the Bessarabia region to travel to Iraq, the capital of the South Ottoman Empire. Retreat in the direction of Standenburg.

On April 5, the Tsarist Russian Army announced that it had completed the deployment of more than 50,000 troops in the Ottoman Principality of Bessarabia and the border between Tsarist Russia, which made Europe feel that a storm is coming.

The British and French Empires even appealed to the Russian Empire not to invade Bessarabia. Both countries expressed their dissatisfaction with the rising tensions in the Russian Empire.

The Austrian Empire also shouted to Tsarist Russia that Vienna did not want to see tensions in the region and asked the Tsarist Empire to take responsible actions to ease the tensions.

"In recent years, the Tsarist Russian Empire has seldom used military operations abroad. Since the defeat in the Crimea War, although the Crimea was taken back, the countries are in the west of the Black Sea, causing the Tsarist Russia Empire to lose a lot, making the Tsarist Russia Empire The dream of entering the Mediterranean from the southern region, which I have been thinking about all the time, is even more difficult to achieve, especially Britain, France and other countries are very vigilant about this.

Now, with the gradual recovery of national strength after ten years of precipitation, this time, the Book of Alexander II actually publicly delivered such a grand speech to the citizens of Tsarist Russia in the capital of the Tsarist Empire, expressing his dissatisfaction with the disgraceful "Paris Peace Treaty", and then to today's Chen Bing 50,000 Tsarist Russia-Ottoman border, its ultimate purpose is already obvious.

On April 8, Queen Victoria approached Gorchakov, the Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Tsarist Empire, who was invited in London. After that, Prime Minister Viscount Palmerston held a face-to-face meeting with Gorchakov. The British Empire tried to help Tsarist Russia. Mediation in the imperial and Ottoman crisis. When the two discussed the Treaty of Paris, Gorchakov said: "The Ottoman Empire must return Bessarabia to the Tsarist Empire, and abide by the pre-1856 borders based on this premise, or, the people of the Tsarist Empire. don't like them"

On April 9, Sultan Abdul Aziz I of the Ottoman Empire said in an exclusive interview with the European Times that he also disliked the "Paris Peace Treaty".

Because in his opinion, this peace agreement actually recognized that the Crimea Peninsula belongs to the Tsarist Russia Empire, but whether he likes it or not is his business. The Bessarabia area is the territory of the Ottoman Empire, which is recognized by all countries, and the Tsarist Russia Empire must Acknowledging this, there are no other options.

The comparison between Sultan Abdulaziz I's declaration and that of Alexander II caused an uproar in the outside world, and was considered to reflect the world outlook of the top leaders of the two countries and the fact that Bessarabia would not make concessions or compromise. Resolute attitude.

In recent years, the low profile in Tsarist Russia has made European countries almost forget the existence of the most powerful country in Europe, and the same is true of the Ottoman Empire, an Eurasian power that is not recognized by Europe.

However, with the current disputes between the two countries, European countries have to accept the reality that any wind and rain in these two countries can disturb the peaceful life of Europeans, and the balance of power on the European continent will be broken. .

The destructive force formed is absolutely unbearable, including Western European countries.

In particular, the neighboring countries of the Tsarist Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire are beginning to worry, fearing that the two countries will fight again, which will affect these pond fish.

However, the position of the two countries is a subtle change in the previous warring countries Britain, France and Italy.

High-level officials of various countries are well aware of this.

Now, as the Russian Empire was suppressed by the last defeat, it went back to the area north of the Black Sea,

Countries no longer seem to be on the same page on urgency as they were before 1853.

The French Empire is not like England.

Because before 1860, the United Kingdom even forced Napoleon III to strongly transfer the Suez Canal to them, which made France resentful, and Napoleon III was criticized in France for this.

As the French sphere of influence there was driven away, there was even embarrassment for the French in the eastern Mediterranean, because they found that after 1860 it became the territory of the Ottoman Empire and the United Kingdom,

In the central part, with the rise of the Kingdom of Italy, which was originally supported by France to fight against the Ottoman Empire, but because it was robbed by the United Kingdom and became its ally in the past, France was also driven out in the central Mediterranean Sea, because the southern Libya became an Italian colony. .

So now the French are confused: who is France's number one opponent?

If Napoleon III had been able to jointly deal with the 300,000-strong Crimean War launched by the Tsarist Russia in 1853 without regret, then even if he sent 30,000 people now, he would be spit by the French, because France had no interest in it. there.

In particular, the recent escalation of the crisis between the Tsarist Russia and the Ottoman Empire and the aggressiveness of the Tsarist Empire, and the beginning of a tense attitude in the United Kingdom, made France more confident, that is, relatively speaking, even if the Tsarist Empire defeated the Ottoman Empire in the Black Sea, Having won the estuary of the Mediterranean Sea, the loss of Britain was much higher than that of France. In this case, why should France, which had not much land there, go to make fun of it?

Therefore, this time Napoleon III of France didn't say anything other than calling for calm in all countries, because he knew that in the sky over Paris, this public opinion foundation no longer existed.

Unlike him, the Austrian Empire led by Joseph I was very nervous. If the Bessarabia region was taken over by Hehe, then the border territory between the Austrian Empire and the Tsarist Russian Empire was originally only the northern region of Austria, but It is possible that as the Bessarabia region is captured by the Russian Empire, and if the Russian Empire invades the long and narrow northern region of the Romanian Principality under the Ottoman Empire, the Austrian Empire will also face the potential threat of the Russian Empire in the eastern region. . Almost half of the border line of the Austrian Empire is connected with the Tsarist Russia Empire, which invisibly increases the number of borders that Austria needs to guard during disputes with the Tsarist Russia Empire.

So Joseph I Alexander.

In this regard, he naturally stood on the side of the United Kingdom.

"We do not agree with Alexander II's statement. We believe that the current status quo should be maintained, not destroyed. The Austrian Empire insists that all parties in the Black Sea exercise restraint."

He even warned Alexander II of Tsarist Russia: "Beware of repeating the Crimean War of 1853-1856"

William IV: "The statement of Joseph I actually means that the Tsarist Russian Empire continues to increase contradictions among the countries in Southeast Europe, especially the relevant parties there. It is unacceptable for them, including the Austrian Empire and Great Britain, to inadvertently destroy strategic buffers and cover, so they are very opposed to it.

But for Prussia, Sweden, even Italy, and even the French Empire, it is beneficial, because between them and Tsarist Russia, there are opponents that are separated between them and the Tsarist Russian Empire. The Tsarist Russian Empire is now provoking trouble in the Black Sea, which can be effectively The transfer and diversion of Sweden faced the pressure of Tsarist Russia.

Prussia has benefited a lot from this, but now Austria has to face the threat of strong countries at both ends.

But Italy's obsession with Venice made them dissatisfied with Austria, and benefited a lot from the possible disputes between the Russian Empire and Austria.

As for us in the Netherlands"

William IV said to Haysbert Feng: "It is very beneficial objectively, which is why I promote this development."

Yes, this time, Alexander II of Tsarist Russia dared to march to the southern Bessarabia area at this time. In fact, under the order of William IV, the Dutch intelligence agency provided relevant information to his counterparts in the Tsarist Russia, and gave Alexander II. It was done with the courage of the world, because the intelligence provided by the Netherlands was so important that Alexander II was willing to take the risk.

"They missed this opportunity and may have to wait another ten years"

William IV thought that in history Tsarist Russia once again took back the Bessarabia area. After Alexander II launched the Ottoman War and won in 1878, he forced the Ottomans to sign the Treaty of San Stefano. ” to rule it again.

Hesbet Feng: "Your Majesty, what do we get by doing this?"

Until now, he still couldn't understand His Majesty's thoughts, even though he was running for it recently.

William IV said proudly: "Don't you think that Britain has been too pampered except in South Africa in recent years?"

Seeing that Heisbert Von and the others showed their approval, William IV followed up:

"Britain is too strong. Although the losses in South Africa are not small, it has not reached the point of injury. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom have huge territories in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. We cannot watch them gradually form a stable rule there. Just like they don't watch us grow in the East Indies and Australia.

Therefore, we need a strategic window period, and this opportunity is that we need to create an enemy that distracts the United Kingdom, and this enemy is the Tsarist Russian Empire north of the mainland of India and bent on appearing in the ground. "