Chapter 1603： Hungary III

Slide 1603

In fact, before coming to Vienna for the second time, the Hungarians also planned to go the way of the German Emperor. After all, the dispatch of General von Seckert to command more than 70,000 German troops into the Eastern Front was to help the Hungarians. But the situation at this time is completely different from before. The German emperor helped Hungary to support Archduke Karl to the throne. Now, after the Borusinov offensive, it is impossible for the Austro-Hungarian Empire to allow a person who has suffered such a defeat to inherit the throne. Therefore, the Kaiser will naturally not invest in Hungary in vain.

The German military was also "convinced" by the Hungarian army's sales teammates and "amazing combat effectiveness." They believe that there is no difference between such a teammate and not. And after all, this is the internal affairs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Hungarian army can't stop it. Isn't there still an Austrian army? This matter should be told to Fritz first, not the Kaiser!

After the Germans rejected the request of the Hungarians, Prime Minister Tisza had to come to Vienna for the second time. When he met with the Austrian Emperor, he asked the Austrian army to help counter the rebellion and asked the central government to provide funding and material support. This time, Emperor Fritz was obviously a little impatient.

Regarding the rebel army in Romania, the Austrian emperor said that he could help suppress it. However, regarding the various national resistance issues that originally belonged to Hungary, the Austrian emperor said that the Austrian army should not be involved. As for appropriations and materials? The Austrian Emperor provided some, but in the opinion of the Hungarians, this is just a question of attitude and cannot fundamentally solve the difficulties faced by Hungary.

In this meeting, the Austrian emperor put forward requirements for Hungary’s internal affairs for the first time. He stated that Hungary should alleviate domestic conflicts, give other peoples appropriate autonomy, and at least guarantee non-interference in their culture and beliefs. At the same time, they expressed extreme dissatisfaction with the fact that the Hungarian army insisted on using Hungarian as the first pronunciation, and even refused to use German.

If it is said that Austria’s easing policy towards the Czechs in history caused the Czech Republic to end up in Bohemia before the war, then the Hungarian national policy is just the opposite. Take the language policy as an example. In Bohemia, All civil servants must be able to speak the Czech language before they can take office. This made many Germans in Bohemia lose their original positions, so that before the 1st World War Czechs in Bohemia occupied positions in government offices. The vast majority of the ruling system of the Austro-Hungarian Empire directly let the Czechs take over after the collapse of the empire...

The Hungarian policy is just the opposite. In the old Tisza period, the entire Kingdom of Hungary implemented a strict ethnic policy. All public schools could only use Hungarian for teaching, and all railways and postal systems must also use Hungarian. Even German is not allowed. In 1890, Hungary stipulated that all government and commercial institutions must use Hungarian as the official language, and even in Transylvania, where Romanians were dominated, the history of the country was not allowed to be taught!

A Transylvanian parliamentarian once asked Tisza why he didn't let the local classroom teach the history of the nation. And Tisza replied very simply, "For people who live in Hungary and not the Magyar people, there is no history of other peoples!" Hungary's harshness on ethnic issues is evident!

Both the extreme left and the extreme right of the ethnic policy are wrong. Although the prince relied on money as bait and military power as a great stick to change the right-leaning national policy of capitulation in Austria’s history, he also implemented bilingualism on language issues. Both German and Czech are taught in Bohemia. The school also teaches Czech history. (After all, the Czech Republic has also been a loyal servant of the Habsburg dynasty for hundreds of years.) Nor will it be as excessive as Tisza did.

However, this request made by the Austrian Emperor, in Tisza’s eyes, is undoubtedly a provocation to the entire Hungarian nation. If it is in peacetime, Hungarian counterattacks will follow one after another, and they will vote against the Vienna policy. Refusing to build any army that is not owned by Hungary, etc. But now, Hungary, which has suffered internal and external troubles, obviously does not have this ability. However, Tisza still did not hesitate to reject the proposal of the Austrian Emperor on this issue. He believes that "the Hungarian government has ruled this place for 1,000 years. , Then in the future, this **** and assimilation can continue!"

Prime Minister Tisza’s reply made Emperor Fritz lose his last tender thoughts of Hungary. In fact, raising the national issue this time was just a test. If Hungary wants domestic stability, it is more than just solving a national problem! The livelihood and political problems in Hungary are more serious! Emperor Fritz hasn't said this yet. Just throwing a bait to bring up an old thing makes the Hungarians furious. Do you want Hungary to reform? What do you think? !

If a country wants domestic problems, it must have a reasonable distribution system and ample living materials. In other words, the middle class of a country should occupy a larger proportion of both the domestic population and wealth. In Europe before World War I, the so-called middle class was mainly skilled technicians, teachers, doctors, and small entrepreneurs. These middle classes are all closely related to industrialization from a professional point of view.

However, look at the proportion of the industrial population in Hungary. At the turn of the 20th century, the number of workers in Hungary accounted for approximately 13.7% of the total population of society. In Austria, 31% (24% in history), 38% in Germany, and 46% in Britain! Looking at this ratio, you are absolutely unlikely to have much hope for Hungary's distribution system In fact, Hungary is a typical nobleman, big capitalist, and landlord with a lot of resources.

If it wants to be stable, Hungary must solve two problems. The first is that industry must develop to accommodate more workers and related industries, establish a relatively complete social security system, and cultivate the middle class. The second is that farmers’ land problems must be resolved. That is to solve the food problem of most people.

However, the second problem is even more terrible. The 1.28 million small farmers in the country only occupy 5.5% of the country's arable land, and 54% of the land is owned by landlords. Among them, 4,000 large landlords with more than 1,000 holts own 31.18% of the country's land! Hungary is different from Germany. Germany is already a completely industrialized country. The people do not depend on land. But in Hungary, this situation is different.

Most of Hungary are still farmers. They rely heavily on land, and the scarce land directly determines their Weibo income. Historically, hundreds of thousands of Hungarians have immigrated to the United States. What about this dimension? Most of them went to Austria and Bavaria. Even workers, many go there, because the wages there are higher and there are benefits!

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(End of this chapter)