Chapter 774： Direction of use of new schooner

In the previous life, the Marin mixed forum had seen such a set of data-

When the wind is down: the efficiency of the vertical sail (using wind) is 65%, and the horizontal sail is 85%;

When heading against the wind: the efficiency of the sail is 45%, and the sail is 25%;

In cross winds: the efficiency of the schooner is 62.5%, and the sail is 62.5%;

In other words, when sailing downwind, horizontal sails are 30% more efficient than longitudinal sails. However, when heading upwind, the sail is 80% more efficient than the sail. The wind from the side, that is, when the wind is cross, the two sails have the same efficiency.

Nowadays, European ships are mainly popular with horizontal sails. If you use the horizontal sail, it will take more than a month to return from New York in North America to Emden Port because of the wind and the warm current of the North Atlantic. From Emden to New York, it takes more than three months because of headwinds and headwinds.

However, if it is changed to a double-masted schooner, the efficiency of the schooner upwind is 80% higher than that of the horizontal sail, and the speed is naturally much faster. Originally it took more than three months from Emden to New York, but now it is estimated that it will take more than a month and a half to arrive in New York. In this way, a lot of time is saved.

Of course, under the command of Marin, the ship still prepared crossbars and spare sails. In this way, when the wind has been down for a long time (such as returning from New York), the crossbar is hung and the main sail is used. If the headwind is dominant or the wind direction often needs to be changed (such as long-distance sailing from north to south), the crossbar is removed and the upper edge slant sail is raised to make full use of the wind from all sides.

In this way, the ship has the ability to cope with the characteristics of different wind zones and sea areas. However, in the summer season when strong storms are prone to occur, the main sail of the upper edge skewer is still mainly used. Why? Because this kind of sail is easy to lift. Once a big storm is encountered, the sails can be lowered in time to avoid the storm.

In fact, in ancient times, if a western-style sailing ship encountered a storm, the probability of an accident was much higher than that of a Chinese sailing ship. Because it is very troublesome to collect the sails on a Western-style sailing boat, it is necessary for the sailors to climb up the mast and collect the sails from bottom to top.

But the storm often came in a hurry, and the sailors sometimes encountered the storm before they could climb the mast. In a storm, the larger the sail, the stronger the storm's power. The area of ​​the horizontal sail is so large that it is easily swept by the storm, resulting in the death of the ship sailing.

Moreover, when the storm comes, it is often accompanied by heavy rain. Once it rains, the mast becomes slippery. At that time, even if the sailor climbed the mast, it was dangerous. If you are not careful, you will fall from the high mast and fall or even die ...

The Chinese sailing boat is different, because the hard sail is raised in a similar way to raising the national flag. So, if you encounter a storm, just let the sailors open the slipknot and put down the sails. Even in an emergency, you can cut the rope with a knife and the hard sail will automatically come down. As long as the sails do not continue to open during the storm, the chance of the ship avoiding the storm is greatly increased. Of course, except for super storms like typhoons and hurricanes ...

The upper-edge slant sails made by Marin were also lifted together with the upper-edge slant like a national flag. In the event of a storm, the sailor untied the rope directly under the mast and lowered the sail. It is even possible to cut the rope with a knife like Hua Xia Chuanfan.

Therefore, the schooner is much more capable of fighting storms than the schooner. As for the subsequent Skuna sailboats (upper edge skew flying shears), ten ships sank a few because the speed of that kind of ship was so fast that it was too late to respond. It can be seen that most of the sailing ships were mostly sunk by the storm and sunk.

The other thing is that those Skuna sailboats are too long, often a hundred or tens of meters long. People ran from the stern to the stern. Even if they ran out with full force, it would take more than ten or twenty seconds, not to mention the fact that the condition of the bow was passed back to the stern in time. While avoiding the reef, half of them were observed by the observer at the bow and relayed back to the stern by shouting the relay.

But under normal circumstances, the rudder and rudder wheel are in the stern part, and the captain is also in the captain's room above the stern. At a distance of one hundred and dozens of meters, without a walkie-talkie, the captain would need some time to know what happened in front of the bow.

However, the flying shears were so fast that they did not give the captain any time to react. In addition, from the prow of a hundred to tens of meters, it will take a while to send the warning to the stern. Often the captain has just received the previous report and needs to command the sailor to pull the steering wheel again. But it's fatal to delay in just a few places ...

Moreover, the flying shears are too thin, with an aspect ratio of 6 to 1 or more. In addition, those Skuna flying shears often have up to six or seven masts, which is too exciting to sail at sea, and it is inevitable when rocking left and right. In such a stimulating situation, the observer standing on the bow of the ship is often stunned and dizzy, making mistakes unavoidable ...

Of course, that is the case with flying shears. The hull built by Marin is just the ordinary Galen. The speed is not fast and there are few masts. When something happens, it is easy to react, and it is too late to avoid the reef.

This new double-masted schooner uses the second-generation hull of the 250-type armed merchant ship. The so-called second-generation hull of the 250-type armed merchant ship means that the hull has been improved, and the aspect ratio has been increased from the original 3.5 to 1 to the later Galen. Ship standard 4 to 1.

For the 250 armed merchant ships of Beihai, the first 20 are old-fashioned hulls, all of which have an aspect ratio of 3.5 to 1. But since the 21st ship, the aspect ratio of 4 to 1 has been fully used. The 250-type armed merchant ship with a 4 to 1 aspect ratio is also called the second generation hull ...

...

After the transformation, the second-generation 250-type armed merchant ship, the highest speed, eventually increased from eight to nine knots, to 10 knots, reaching the normal standard of the Galen ship. This time, the transformation of a new type of double-masted schooner is also the second-generation hull of the 250-type armed merchant ship, which is more flexible.

And because of the incomparably strong wind capacity of the new-type brigantine, and the fact that Marin has several colonies in the Americas, such a fast and flexible schooner is in great demand to communicate with several colonies in the Americas.

Therefore, Marin decided to renovate 20 new brigantine schooners, which were specially used for communication and transportation between several American colonies.

Today, the total number of 250-class armed merchant ships in Beihai has reached 46. Among them, 20 are old-fashioned hulls, and 26 are second-generation hulls. The 250-class armed merchant ship used for the transformation into a new-style brigantine is naturally a second-generation hull.

In fact, although this kind of sailboat can be used alternately with horizontal and vertical sails. However, Marin did not intend to do so. Why? Because of manpower issues ...

After testing, the craftsmen in the North Sea country were surprised to find that-if using a brigantine, the whole ship would only need 10 sailors to operate smoothly. This is because the captain's room needs two sailors to pull the steering wheel, and it needs to be replaced. If the steering wheel is improved to save effort, the sailor on the ship can be reduced to 8 people.

But if you switch back to Hengfan, it will require a lot of manpower. Although there are only two masts, more than 30 sailors are needed ...

Such a calculation, using the horizontal sail, the same hull, even more than three times the number of sailors ... very uneconomical ...

To be honest, although Marin does not have many ships in hand, the Americas are actively logging reserves. Then, oil tung trees and sumacs were also introduced. When the supply of tung oil and lacquer is sufficient in the future, the shipbuilding industry will start to skyrocket. With so many ships launching, the number of sailors may not be enough by then ...

Therefore, if a single-mode ketch is used, most sailors can be saved. In this way, Marin can arrange the saved sailors to the warships that need more manpower. After all, naval battles require enough manpower. A single naval gun requires 5 to 10 people to operate ... And, it is the battleship that can really protect the sea power. Only when there are more warships can the sea power be fully maintained ...

Moreover, Marin has basically controlled England by means. This is a country where pirates are rich in later generations, and even the pirate kingdom is in their own hands, and Marin is even less worried about threats at sea.

As for France, Marin will try to find something for them on land, so that the French can focus on the dry shelf on the mainland. In addition, if they dare to go to America to grab food, Marin does not mind getting some British pirates and killing all the people on the French ship ...

In Spain and Portugal, Marin also arranged Venice and their torture. The national strength of Venice is already strong, and if the Suez Canal is cut through, it will definitely compete fiercely with Spain and Portugal in the Indian Ocean in the future. At that time, Marin only needs to fan the flames, and support whoever is weak to ensure that the three nautical powers are exhausted ...

...

Thinking of this, Marin suddenly hesitated about the use of this new schooner ...

Why hesitate? I'm afraid others will learn ...

This new type of sailboat ~ www.novelhall.com ~ requires only 10 sailors to control a boat. If they are learned by France, who lacks sailors, it will definitely greatly promote the French nautical career.

Therefore, Marin finally decided-or to use this new type of sailboat only in the Americas ... At the very least, you have to wait until you dominate the sea, and you can take it back to Europe for fear of the challenges of other countries ...

However, for the steering wheel, it can be applied to every sailboat. Of course, the steering wheel system is also confidential. When installing, we will also pay attention to covering with the outer shell as much as possible, so that no outsiders can easily observe ... Let the ships of other countries continue to use the straight rudder rod that needs 4 strong men to pull. For his own ship, he uses two steering wheels that ordinary ordinary men can pull. Moreover, the steering wheel will continue to improve in the future until it can be moved into a sailor ...

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Because the new-style brigantine is mainly used in the Americas in the future, and in terms of the current situation, it is mainly used in North America. Therefore, Marin decided to name this new schooner "North American schooner". At the same time, all the old sailors who are good at manipulating the upper-edge slant sails, as well as the craftsmen involved in research and development and improvement, will also be sent by Marin to the American colony, so as not to leave them in Europe to cause leaks ...

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