Chapter 1663： lantern

The monthly income of 5000 pounds of silver makes Marin extremely excited. You know, this is equivalent to 4,166 pounds of gold, you can mint silver coins worth more than 530,000 gold coins!

But, considering that this is the result achieved by the hard work of fifty or sixty thousand soldiers, Marin is not happy anymore. What happens after these people are sent to the Americas? Without enough miners, this output cannot be achieved ...

However, when asked about the mine director Galz, Marin was more assured that Galz told Marin that in fact the energy of these 5.78 million miners was not released, at most only less than 20,000 miners.

Why? Because the mine is narrow, no one can squeeze in more people. Therefore, most miners are not digging ore, but are digging a new mine channel, and then, placing a load-bearing wooden frame inside the mine channel to avoid collapse of the mine channel. Moreover, in general, miners will not enter the mine until they have stabilized for some time.

Of course, in the mines of Beihai, when the wooden frame is secured, minecart tracks will also be laid. Once the mine is completed, a group of miners can be sent to mine.

However, the choice of mine is not to dig casually, but to dig under the supervision of engineers. The engineer will first sample and estimate the vein direction based on the survey results. Then, according to the direction of the veins, new mines will be excavated. At the same time, the groundwater system must also be avoided.

The groundwater is not evenly distributed, it also has some water systems. In simple terms, the groundwater system is like a blood vessel on a person, with large arteries and small branches. If the main vein of groundwater is dug, either try to plug it or give up the pit.

As for some small branches of groundwater that have not been drained, they will be pumped out of the pit while being blocked as much as possible. For example, the steam engine is much stronger than manual pumping in this respect.

Goslar is okay because the groundwater system is not very developed in the inland Harz Mountains. The Tala lead-zinc mine in Ireland, which Marin had previously planned, was relatively pitted. Ireland ’s water resources are too abundant, and the Tala lead-zinc mine is hundreds of meters deep. Even if a steam engine is used to pump water, it is difficult to deal with the surging groundwater. In this era when people need to go down to mine, this underground mine with uncontrollable underground water has no mining value. Unless, it is a very high-quality gold and silver mine.

Therefore, in ancient times, surface mines were generally mined. In addition to high-grade gold and silver mines or high-value copper mines, most people do not like to go down to mine.

Goslar has been mining here for hundreds of years, and there is no surface silver mine to mine. The main task of these 5.78 million Hungarian prisoners of war and the original seven or eight thousand miners is actually to dig new mines and find new veins. At the same time, the groundwater system is being carefully detected and avoided. However, for hundreds of years, the artisans have been familiar with the groundwater system here. At least, there is no problem avoiding the main vein of groundwater. As for small branch veins, you can only rely on pumping.

In fact, less than 20,000 people are digging ore in the original mature mine. Others are mainly digging new mines to find new veins. Once a large number of new mines are excavated, the output will double. Then, there will be a high yield period of several years or even more than ten years.

Later, when the potential of these new mines is exhausted, it will fall into a trough again. At that time, it was necessary to mobilize a large number of engineers and dispatch a lot of manpower and material resources to find new veins and dig new mine tracks. If it is found, it will usher in a new wave of high yield, otherwise, the mine will start to decline ...

Marin remembers that the silver mine in the Harz Mountains appeared to have been mined in the 1980s. Therefore, under the current mining conditions, it is difficult for the Goslar silver mine to decline. Because the amount of resources is there.

Today, the problem of pumping water in mines has been solved by steam engines and pumps. Then, as long as it avoids the main vein of groundwater, it can continue to be mined.

However, it is too difficult to mine underground at tens of meters or even hundreds of meters. Among them, underground lighting is a big problem.

In this era, torches are generally used for underground lighting. The miners went down the well with torches, and then, when mining, they inserted the torches on the walls of the work area to provide light. Or, use candles or oil lamps or something. But when it comes to light, torches are better.

It's just that the torch sticking to the wall is very taboo and damp. If the top of the mine is wet and seeps, the torch can be easily extinguished by dripping water.

Therefore, in the mines of this era, after the new mine tunnels were excavated, they need to be ventilated and dried for a period of time before they can start operations. In addition to safety considerations, there are also reasons to prevent the seepage of the top of the mine channel from pouring fire extinguishers. After all, without lighting, there is no way to work in a deep well of tens to hundreds of meters.

For example, these new pits excavated by tens of thousands of Hungarian soldiers have to wait a long time to start mining ...

Marin frowned, lighting and moisture? In addition to the electric lamps of later generations ... yes, the Lantern!

Marin suddenly remembered that in the 1990s, rural electricity was very unstable. Therefore, every household has a kerosene lamp. At that time, China's oil prices were very cheap, and there were very few cars. Using a kerosene lamp is more cost-effective than a flashlight. Because, at that time, the flashlight can only use dry batteries, and it is necessary to buy new batteries when there is no electricity. The cost is not small. Therefore, in addition to going out to work at night, most people do not use flashlights at night, but use the most suitable one of the kerosene lamps to carry!

The Lantern is actually a kerosene lamp that can be carried by hand or hung on the wall. The reason why it is called a horse lantern seems to be that it was hung on the saddle by the American Western cowboys who drove to the night in the 19th century for lighting, so it is called "horse lantern".

Because the lamp wick is surrounded by a glass cover, the lamp is not afraid of wind and rain. When he was a child, Marin even saw a stormy night when a fishing boat hung a horse lantern outside to illuminate the boat. You can even use the lantern to attract fish to the net at night ...

Speaking of which, the structure of the lantern is very simple. The bottom is a metal base, and it is also a place for kerosene. Then, the lamp head and the wick are connected to it. Around the lamp head, there is a glass cover fixed with a metal strip, which can be lifted up and replaced. On the top, there are vents to the surroundings to exchange air between the lantern and the outside world. At the same time, because of the angle problem, it also prevents raindrops from entering inside ...

In his previous life, when Marin was a few years old, he often carried a horse lantern to help his parents in the middle of the night. Especially in the autumn harvest season, in order to grab rice and wheat and avoid the rainy season, adults often have to harvest rice and wheat at night. At that time, only a few years old, Marin, was specifically responsible for providing lighting on the side with a horse lantern ...

Therefore, for the Lantern, Marin is too familiar. After all, when he was a kid, he was a professional lantern man ...

As a child, he was influenced by Chicken Tangwen, who did not know which third-rate author blindly edited, and heard that Edison loves to dismantle things. As a result, they also stupidly demolished their houses everywhere, like an Erha.

At that time, Malin had dismantled the lantern many times and was very familiar with the structure of the lantern. He could also assemble the lantern easily. However, after Marin became so big, she started to dismantle the TV at home ... Then, because it was too difficult to assemble it back, she was mixed for a long time by the male and female parents ...

It's hard to look back, but when I was young, I learned how to dismantle my home, but I was familiar with the structure of the lantern. Then, with the help of craftsmen, Marin easily restored the lantern.

However, the biggest problem in using the lantern is not a technical problem, but an energy problem. There are too few sources of kerosene! Wow!

Previously, most of the oil that Malin obtained from the Galicia region of Poland ~ www.novelhall.com ~ was used by him to extract gasoline. Even, because gasoline is not enough, Marin also partially extracted kerosene and blended it into gasoline to increase firepower.

However, if you start using kerosene lamps, you must pay attention to controlling the separation of gasoline and kerosene. In fact, the distinction between gasoline and kerosene is somewhat blurred. The oil near the critical point of both can be used as gasoline or kerosene, depending on which one you prefer. In later generations, the demand for gasoline is greater, and naturally more inclined to gasoline. But in the 19th century ... it is said that gasoline was directly disposed of as hazardous waste ... until the advent of gasoline engines ...

The oil industry of mankind was actually the first to provide kerosene to kerosene lamps. As for gasoline and diesel, they were all useless by-products. It was not until later that internal combustion engines appeared that gasoline and diesel were "utilized" ...

However, from a military perspective, Marin has always been more inclined to gasoline. But for underground mining, kerosene lamps are of great use. Therefore, after some ideological struggle, Marin chose to "invent" the Lantern. At least, it is very valuable to promote the use of horse lanterns at Rammelsberg Silver Mine in Goslar. After all, Marin now lacks silver ...

And Ma Deng is not afraid of humidity, and it is indeed very beneficial to underground mining operations, which brings great convenience to the mining of Goslar ’s silver mine ...