As for Germany, another big coal country besides England, it was not divided until the late 19th century because of a long period of fragmentation. Unfortunately, at that time, the world had been divided up, and the English navy had gained an absolute advantage early. In addition, England can block the German sea route through the English Channel and the northern North Sea, making Germany unable to participate in the world's division despite its developed industry.
In addition to Germany, there are Czech and Ukraine rich in coal and iron resources in Europe. But the two countries were useless. The Czech Republic was later under the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but the estuary of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was in the Adriatic Sea, which was very easy to be blocked. Even if it breaks out of the Adriatic Sea, it can't break out of the Strait of Gibraltar and the Suez Canal. As for Ukraine, it is even more sad to remind that, despite its rich coal and iron resources, it has always been ruled by brutal Tsarist Russia. Then, even if it was close to the sea, the Black Sea was a standard inland sea, and the road to the sea was blocked by Turkey. Even if it breaks out of the Turkish Strait, there is still a blockade of the Suez Canal and the Gibraltar Strait.
So, speaking of it, if you want to dominate the global ocean, you must not only have abundant coal and iron resources, but also have a good geographical advantage. Like France, in fact, domestic resources are very poor, and the quality of iron ore is also very poor. However, because of the geographical advantage of relying on the Atlantic Ocean, it is very convenient for France to participate in maritime hegemony.
Later in the 19th century, when Europeans divided Africa, France relied on its geographical advantage to eat the largest piece of cake. If it were not for South Africa ’s gold mines to be extremely valuable, the African colonies swallowed by France might be stronger than the British. After all, West Africa, annexed by France, is very close to the European mainland and easy to manage.
But France's poor coal and iron resources made the French artillery of poor quality. It was not until later that the French Martin created the "Martin Furnace", which refined inferior pig iron and wrought iron into steel, smoothed the gap with the British steel technology (reverber furnace technology), and overtaken, so that the French maritime strength gradually Catch up with Britain and become the second naval power.
Of course, that was the time of the industrial age. At that time, France had been able to easily import coal from abroad and also obtained coal from the colonies.
However, in this era, the exchange of materials between countries is very poor. Therefore, England, which is rich in coal and iron resources, is more likely to take the lead in rising.
And France also has its advantage in that it can play land hegemony by relying on its huge population base. As for maritime hegemony ... it ’s tears to say more-France ’s neighbors in the north of Spain and Spain in the southwest are all maritime powers, and they do n’t want to see the development of French maritime power ... even because of Spain Portugal, which has a good relationship with France, is not happy to see that this behemoth of France has joined the maritime hegemony ...
You know, France's human resources are too rich. In terms of population alone, there are currently 15 million people in France, but only 3.75 million when England unified Scotland and Ireland, and only 3 million for Portugal. England and Portugal add up to only 6.75 million, not even half of France.
For the colony, sufficient human resources mean sufficient troops and easy control. If France's behemoth squeezes into the colonial realm, what other ways can other countries survive?
Just like the division of Africa in the 19th century, France relied on its large body and strength, and it almost monopolized West Africa, leaving Spain with a barren land in Western Sahara. As strong as the United Kingdom, it can only get a few places such as Nigeria and the Gold Coast in the Gulf of Guinea. The rest of West Africa was swallowed by the "fat" France. The United Kingdom can only get some sites in South Africa and Egypt.
Therefore, as long as it is not a fool, it will not allow such a populous country like France to participate in the frenzy of dividing the world. Unless, it can't be stopped ...
Just like in the later 19th century, Britain was reluctant to let France share the world. After all, people in France are too close to West Africa and easy to snatch. After the era of armored warships began, France did not fall behind, and sometimes even took the lead in technology, so that the British had to accept France and share the world with him.
However, the biggest problem in the 19th century was the difficulty of secrecy. For example, in the 18th century, the British were able to protect the secrets of secondary iron smelting in the reverberatory furnace, but in the 19th century, because exchanges between countries became more convenient and frequent, confidentiality became very difficult. It is like the French just distributing the Lebel 1886 rifle using smokeless gunpowder to the troops. As a result, the soldiers were installed in the troops and were taken to Germany by a soldier on the French border.
Therefore, in the 19th century, it was difficult to keep secrets among European countries. As long as the asking price is high enough, some people with flexible minds will sell the secret to you. Moreover, at that time, Europe completely entered the capital era, people have no awe of the country and the kingship, and no morality and shame, it is easier to betray the state secrets.
But now it ’s okay, because the spirit of medieval knights in Europe has not been abandoned, plus the power of kingship and divinity is still strong, and the relative closure between countries I don't know the details.
Of course, it is also Marin's cunning, the potassium salt and apatite are treated in secret, strictly confidential, so that users do not know what they are using. Even the dung was deliberately dried for several months to disperse the odor as much as possible, and then doped by stirring, so that people could not see what it was. Coupled with the backward traffic in this era and the heavy awe of people, it did not make the secret leak.
Moreover, island countries like England are actually more likely to keep secrets. Because it is surrounded by the sea. Even if you steal the secret, it is difficult to leave with it.
But if you really come up with a terrifying killer, it is difficult to keep secrets. Just like the Mini rifle and Mini bullet, it's not difficult to get it out. However, the Minnie rifle is too fierce, it is difficult to be unnoticed.
In addition, the structure of the Minnie rifle is too simple, it is easy to be imitated. Therefore, Marin refused to take out the Minnie rifle, and would rather go for a more complicated one-shot.
The manufacture of single-headed ammunition is more complicated and costly than that of the Mini. Moreover, in order to prevent the warp's wind grid from deforming, a special box is also needed to save the warhead, which greatly increases the cost. But his benefits are also obvious, that is-after hitting the target, because of the impact, the confidential wind grid of the warhead will be squeezed into a plumb of lead, making people completely unable to see the original. If you want to imitate, you can't talk about it.
Therefore, despite the higher cost of manufacturing and saving single-headed bullets, the range of single-headed bullets is not as good as that of miniature bullets. However, considering the convenience of confidentiality, Marin still chose to use a single-headed bullet to equip his guard, as the bottom card of the North Sea Army.
Although the Guards currently only have thousands of people, the number is not large. However, because the single-headed bullet has a straight trajectory within 200 meters, if the rifle shoots, it can ensure that the enemy on the opposite side is laid down in a row, just like cutting a leek. Unlike ordinary smoothbore guns that now use spherical lead shots, from a distance, only a small number of people will be shot in a row, and they will be hit if they are unlucky.
If the guards suddenly appeared in important areas during the battle, like the enemy ’s senior generals attacked, killing multiple senior generals of the other party. With the characteristics of the army in this era, the enemy is easy to collapse. Even if it does not collapse, morale will be hit hard.
...
In the North Sea country, Marin is receiving a group of soldiers returning from the North American colony. This group of people was sent by Marin to the "clearance" of the colony of New York. bad thing.
Originally, this was an ordinary job. However, the military officer Nubby who led the team this time strongly wanted Marin to recommend the Ewenki hawks who originally sent Marin to North America to follow the army to "play." Because the several Ewenki falconers who accompanied the army, in the battle to clean up the aborigines, the performance was too good, which made the Nubian surprise a lot, so I strongly recommend to Marin.
As a result, Marin received five Ewenki falconers who followed the army to clear the native Indians in North America. Upon seeing Marin, several Ewenki falconers with dark and red skins and strong statures stroked their chests to salute. Under the leadership of Beigeri, the first falconer in Beihai, he used less skilled And the Han dialect with the taste of Northeast Daqizi (they know that Marin understands Chinese) says:
"Sauron shooter Bai Geri (Suha, Barhu, Yadan, Muren) pays tribute to the North Sea sweat!"
"Sweat? Sauron?" Marin froze, then smiled. Because these goods regarded him as the chief of the nomadic tribe, so I felt very funny. But then, Marin was surprised:
"Warrior Sauron?"