Chapter 1966： Preparation of silver mirror by boiling urea for ammonia

Some people may be strange-isn't Portugal fighting the Ming Dynasty? Is it useful to present a glass mirror? It's really useful! Because, at this time, the Ming emperor was Zhengde ...

Although Emperor Zhengde was clever, he was also very nonsense. Otherwise, in history, he would n’t be so mischievous that Wang Shouren let Ning Wang be released, and let him go and catch Ning Wang again ... This is simply to see the military affairs as a play ...

Zhengde loves playing too much, so the new things like glass mirrors can definitely win their favor. If the Portuguese could be the first to present a glass mirror and bribe the "Eight Tigers" around Zhengde to help them speak, there might be no such thing as a "trivial thing" in the war, and Zhengde would really not care.

The Portuguese are not stupid. He has also inquired about the virtue of the Ming emperor, knowing that Zhengde loves nonsense, so he also has his own ideas and judgments. In the past, the Portuguese have successfully obtained the right to stay in Macau through various bribes, and became the only European country in Europe that was able to do business in Daming.

But unfortunately, in this time and space, the Portuguese met a traverser Marin who was more familiar with the Ming Dynasty than they ...

Marin was a Chinese in his life, and he was a high-level student in the history department. For Zhengde, the emperor who loves to play tricks, can he know better than the Portuguese?

Therefore, Marin will definitely grab the glass mirror in front of the Portuguese, and then, when the Portuguese offer this thing again, Zhengde's freshness will pass long ago, and the glass mirror will be useless. After all, what Zhengde likes is freshness. Once there is no freshness, it is meaningless ...

Unfortunately, Beihai was able to send the glass mirror to the Ming Dynasty a few months before the Portuguese. The first time Zhengde got the glass mirror, it would definitely be rare. However, after playing for a few months, even if it starts to be rare, it will get tired. At this time, the Portuguese will donate any treasures, it will not have any novel effect.

However, how to explain why I can send the glass mirror a few months in advance ...

Malin came up with a reasonable explanation on the way back to the mainland-he sent people to take the land road along the old "Silk Road" and sent a glass mirror ...

Land roads do not require a large circle like sea roads, and can take a relatively straightforward route. If you are in a hurry, you can arrive early.

Moreover, the reasonable explanation Marin intends to give is that-after he left Venice, he hired a Venetian ship to send glass mirrors to Egypt. Then, he rented camels from Egypt to cross the desert through Persia, and then from the Western Region Quick Horse to India. Shipped from India to Southeast Asia by merchant ship ...

In this way, it must be much faster than the Portuguese fleet bypassing the entire African continent. After all, it's just a glass mirror, and expedited and fast transportation by land is indeed very reasonable ...

...

But in fact, Marin brought back the mercury-tinned tin foil glass mirror that he took with 18,000 gold coins.

Worrying about the toxicity of mercury on this glass mirror, Marin did n’t treat this expensive glass mirror as a treasure, but put it directly on a natural sponge and put it in a beautiful wooden box. , Brought back to the local.

As Marin expected, this mirror, Angela immediately put it down after seeing it. After all, women love beauty. Although Angela is over thirty years old, she is also beautiful.

After getting this glass mirror, Angela seemed to have got some rare treasures, and immediately took this glass mirror as his own, so that no one would touch it. Felice, Angela's sister, wanted to spy, but Angela refused without hesitation.

So, Felice whispered-you even shared with my husband, why can't you share the glass mirror?

Later, Marin even saw Angela sleeping while holding the mirror. Then Marin was terrified ...

Marin knew that the mirror hadn't been volatile since the mirror was produced within two or three months. If it is used occasionally to take photos without problems, but if it is sleeping, it is absolutely dead ...

However, Marin cannot publicly promote the toxicity of mercury tinned glass mirrors. Otherwise, he will not be able to use this glass mirror to make big money in the future.

Therefore, Marin quietly told Angela-this mirror is poisonous, no more than a year, the poison gas is not clean ...

Angela was suddenly scared, but she was extremely disappointed that she could no longer use such a clear glass mirror.

In addition, other women in Beihai also pay attention to this glass mirror. For example, Marin ’s cheap mother, Mrs. Mary, also likes this glass mirror and often takes a picture while holding it. As Angela's daughter-in-law, it's not easy to stop ...

"How can this be? The woman loves beauty to such an extent? Don't die?" Marin was very worried.

For Marin's doubts, Angela told him very seriously-for women, beauty is the second life ...

Marin had to express admiration, but for the safety of his loved ones, he must also find a way ...

"How to do it? It is necessary to be safe and satisfy the beauty of women's love ..."

Marin thought about it, and finally felt that he could only use that method ...

"No way, I can only find a way to copy the" Silver Mirror Reaction "..."

Yes, Marin intends to use his secondary-level chemistry knowledge to engage in a "silver mirror reaction" and make a safe silver-plated glass mirror to replace the toxic mercury tinned glass mirror for use by Angela and Mrs. Mary .

Moreover, the brightness of silver-plated glass mirrors is much higher than tin-plated glass mirrors. After all, the brightness of silver is higher than that of tin foil ...

The silver mirror reaction was discovered by the German chemist Li Bixi in the 1830s. After this method was discovered, people found that the glass mirror produced by this method was not only brighter and sharper, but also safer. After all, there is no harm from the highly toxic mercury vapor. Then, the silver-coated glass mirror quickly replaced the mercury-coated tin foil glass mirror. By the 20th century, cheaper aluminum-plated glass mirrors replaced silver-plated mirrors ...

Of course, there is no way to get out of the aluminum mirror Marin. Mainly, Marin couldn't figure out the aluminum stuff. Marin knows the method of electrolytic aluminum, but the problem is that he does not have the important raw material needed for electrolytic aluminum-cryolite. It is said that in nature, it seems that there is only natural cryolite mine on Greenland. When electrolytic aluminum first appeared, the cryolite mine in Greenland was almost the main source of cryolite in the world. Until later, it was discovered that cryolite can be artificially synthesized, and then the aluminum smelting industry will be truly popular.

However, that should be after World War II. Marin remembered that during World War II, the United States specially sent people to control Greenland to prevent the Germans from getting enough natural cryolite ...

How to artificially synthesize cryolite, Marin does not understand, nor does he know where the natural cryolite mine is on Greenland. Although Marin knew that the cryolite mine on Greenland must be on its southwestern coast, Greenland was too big, with a long coastline and an extremely harsh climate. Therefore, it is very difficult to find the cryolite mine. Marlin does not think about it for the time being. Even Marin didn't know what the cryolite looked like, even if he sent someone to find it, he didn't know how to find it! The laterite nickel deposit in Cuba is too obvious, so it is easy to find, how to find cryolite?

It is too simple to use silver mirror reaction to make silver mirror. After all, this is a very important element in middle school chemistry. For Marin, the former high school student, I still remember very clearly.

The process is actually very simple, that is, to first configure the silver ammonia solution with silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide solution. It seems that the preparation method is to drop sodium hydroxide solution into the silver nitrate solution, and then add dilute ammonia water, or pass ammonia gas to get the silver ammonia solution.

Then, drop in formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, or glucose solution, and then a "silver mirror reaction" will occur to obtain a silver coating, and a very clear and bright silver-plated glass mirror will be produced ...

For Marin, silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide solutions are very easy to obtain. Although the preparation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde is difficult ~ www.novelhall.com ~, it can be done. As for glucose, it's even simpler-honey contains glucose directly ...

The really difficult thing is actually ammonia or ammonia ...

After all, there will be ammonia synthesis equipment in later generations, making ammonia gas simple. But in this era, the preparation of ammonia is very unrealistic.

"No, there is a way that seems to be possible ..." Marin suddenly remembered-it seemed that the urea fluid contained urea. When heating the urea solution, it seems that a small amount of ammonia can be obtained ...

Just do it, and then, the great Marin the Great, with a gang of chemists, went to cook urea ...

After a very unpleasant and disgusting operation, Marin finally collected a little ammonia gas and passed it into the water to get dilute ammonia water ...

Then, after making the silver ammonia solution, Marin dripped honey and heated it. Soon, he got a very bright silver-plated glass mirror ...

However, Marin ordered strict confidentiality of the ammonia preparation process. After all, the process of making urea to make ammonia gas is too inelegant, and Malin wants to vomit ...