Chapter 2039： Modern apprenticeship

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In the age of mechanization, workers are well trained. As long as you operate the machine strictly in accordance with the requirements, you will be able to produce products proficiently within a few months. Some are low-tech, and they can learn to use machines in a few days.

But in the handicraft era, it is difficult to learn the craftsmanship of craftsmen in a short time. Therefore, in this era, the 7-year apprenticeship system is generally popular in the European handicraft industry. However, in the first three years of being an apprentice, I was basically understanding the various rules and basic common sense of the industry, and it was difficult to get started. Moreover, it is necessary to provide various labor services for the masters free of charge. Three years later, there was a chance to strike. Then, in the last two years, he will finish the work on his own.

Such a long time is not without benefits. Because this can indeed cultivate skilled craftsmen. Long-term training is conducive to the full improvement of technology.

Even in modern times, manufacturing powerhouses such as Germany have picked up apprenticeship again. However, with changes, it is no longer a one-on-one with apprentices by a master, but a system of joint training by schools and enterprises. Specifically, the school teaches basic theoretical knowledge (the masters with apprentices have little time to teach, and may not be able to teach well), and the factory will arrange for old craftsmen to guide apprentices in practice...

In fact, this is somewhat similar to the intern system, but it is more complete and reasonable than the intern system. Learning technology is not accomplished overnight, it requires long-term practice. Therefore, the internship system of the British and American departments in later generations, especially the internship system that has been passed to China, is more like a formality. Three months of internship, and then I can’t wait to get on the job...some of them don’t even have a three-month internship...

It is conceivable that the technical background of the skilled workers trained in this way is difficult to improve. Because there was no modern apprenticeship system, most of the skilled workers in the Huaxia Factory were more like migrant workers. Then, the products manufactured are really so-so. Those who are skilled in their skills often have to ponder the skills of their professions for a long time after they become regulars. If you don’t have a master, you often have to work hard until you are in your 30s before the technology can be considered appreciable. Then, he became a master in his forties and became popular.

But this is a bit quick for quick success, and the skills are slowly honed, not quick. That is to say, there are more CNC machine tools in later generations, and the technical requirements are reduced a lot. However, manual operations are still required for assembly and maintenance, which will test personal skills.

The same parts are given to you, a qualified mechanic trained by a modern apprenticeship, and a car assembled will be stronger than a mechanic trained by your vocational school. The strong is nothing but the details.

But what we later generations seem to introduce is the Anglo-American school training system, that is, the technical school training system. But the school teaches students the theoretical basis at most. When it comes to practice, the teachers of vocational schools are much worse than those who have been working for decades, although in terms of theory, the two are reversed.

...

Right now, the North Sea country Marin intends to implement the modern apprenticeship system in later Germany and Northern Europe. The specific method is to let the children learn theoretical knowledge in school first. Then, after entering the factory, find skilled craftsmen to lead apprentices.

Of course, the old craftsman's apprenticeship is not for nothing. In many factories in China in later generations, old workers were not very motivated to lead apprentices. Why? It's no good! It also affects their own production efficiency. You know, later it was piece-rate. I stopped to teach you a little baby, and I just smoked a few cigarettes, and received a few packages of gifts for the New Year, which can affect my own money!

For this reason, Marin stipulates that 30% of the salary of the factory apprentices will be used to honor the master within three years after being given a trainer. In this way, the master has the motivation to lead apprentices. One apprentice is 30% of the three-year salary, and five apprentices is 150% of the three-year salary...

The wool comes from the sheep (the apprentice), and the factory owner does not lose money anyway. The apprentices are not at a loss themselves, they learn real skills, and they will have a good job in the future...

But this set was not very timely when it was acquired by Huaxia. Why? Because later generations are young, they change jobs too often. It’s so easy to teach you, waiting to receive your benefits, but the stinky kid resigned and quit... The master will be depressed and vomit blood...

This is not bad. Some young people quit their job within a few days after entering the factory, and then change jobs, and they can't settle down to learn a skill. He has worked for many years, but he is still a migrant worker, not a skilled worker.

But in this era, there is no such concern. Because people in this era are not so easy to change jobs. Even, casually hopping will be considered as a character problem.

...

The 7-year apprenticeship system currently popular in Europe is actually at the core. It's just that the basic theoretical education is also done by the master. But many masters will do it, not necessarily justified. Therefore, this training model is not scientific enough, and it will take longer. For example, in the old seven-year apprenticeship system, the apprentices in the first three years can only watch and listen while the master is working. When the master has free time and is in a good mood, he will explain and give some pointers. If you are busy or in a bad mood, you don't even bother to explain and give instructions. If you don't understand, you might beat and scold the apprentice. For example, if you are a carpenter, if you are a grumpy master and you don’t understand, or if you’re distracted, you might get caught in a rage. If it is an axe and chisel...well, you think you are unlucky...what? Parents have opinions? Okay, get out! Take your cub home, I won't teach you anymore!

The most depressing thing is that sometimes it may not be the apprentice's fault, but the master will not teach it. But if the master becomes anxious, the apprentice is stupid, otherwise you should stop learning...you still dare not refute...

Therefore, modern apprenticeship is better. Let the children learn basic theoretical knowledge in school first, and then accept the practical education of the master. With sufficient theoretical knowledge support, it is easier to keep up with the rhythm of the master. As for the theory that hasn't been studied well, he won't be able to graduate...

...

In fact, Marin used the artisan school as a cover to promote universal basic education. But now, Marin feels that the artisan school seems to be really useful!

Therefore, after elementary school, in addition to enrolling some good grades and continuing to go to junior high school, Ma Lin also opened a basic craftsman class, which taught craftsmen basic theoretical knowledge, and specially arranged some who could not do it after retirement, but had rich theoretical knowledge. And they will teach the apprentice's master to come and teach the children basic theories. For this reason, Marin is willing to pay a high salary...

Those students who were eliminated after junior high school can still learn the basics of craftsmanship. However, junior high school students have a higher level and learn more advanced skills. For example, students who are eliminated after elementary school can only learn the theoretical knowledge of carpenters, masons, and bakers that are not demanding techniques, and then they will become such craftsmen. But children who graduated from junior high school will be arranged to learn the basic theoretical knowledge of clocks and watches, mechanical production and maintenance, and then become apprentices...

...

However, this time it was used to pretend to be "Krypton Gold" for the brass products traded with the Aztec Empire, and it was too late for Marin to slowly train coppersmiths. After all, according to tradition, it takes 7 years to train a traditional coppersmith. Moreover, Marin is also eager to spend money, and urgently needs to produce brass products as soon as possible.

Therefore, Marin plans to hire a group of coppersmiths directly in Germany and Italy and other places to help them build brass utensils and ornaments for trade with the Aztec Empire.

In fact, Marin can provide brass directly, outsourcing the making of utensils and ornaments to coppersmiths all over Germany and Italy. But the brass thing is currently exclusively owned by the North Sea country, other countries do not have it, and Marin is not willing to outflow.

Moreover, the North Sea country now uses brass to cast copper coins as the basic currency of the North Sea country. Marin was also afraid that these craftsmen would deduct leftovers and use them to privately cast the brass coins of the North Sea country. So, simply recruit them to the factory in Beihai Country, supply brass face to face, and let them make the necessary utensils and ornaments.

In addition, Marin also counted on these old craftsmen to bring some apprentices from the North Sea country. When the contract expires, even if these old coppersmiths return home, the apprentices they have cultivated in the North Sea country can almost be the backbone. For this reason, Marin sent someone to sign a contract with them, and the signing was accompanied by an apprenticeship...

It’s just that for the coppersmith apprentices of the North Sea country, Marin intends to use the modern apprenticeship system to gather the apprentices and learn the basic theoretical knowledge required by coppersmiths at school, and then be assigned to the old coppersmiths to accept Practical training. Of course, when learning the basic knowledge, it will be sent to the factory from time to time to consolidate the results of the stage of learning to strengthen memory.

This is about the processing methods of brass products. For glass craftsmen, Marin chose to outsource. After all, glass is not unique to the North Sea country, and it is produced in most countries in Western Europe. Of course, the strongest skill must be Venice. The master craftsmen of Venetian glass are mostly concentrated on Murano Island.

Although Beihai State has also built several glass production factories, most of them are used to produce basic glass bottles to hold things. Only a few big craftsmen were arranged by Marin to produce lead glass with good light transmission, which was used to make telescopes.

In Venice, they are good at producing colorful glass crafts. The colorful glass crafts are more popular in the Native American and African countries.

Moreover, the practice of training one's own glass craftsman is too long. The cost of hiring is higher than hiring a coppersmith. Therefore, Marin simply outsourced all the glass products to workshops in Venice and other places. He only had to give samples and specifications, and let them follow suit.

But his own craftsmen still need to be trained, so Marin is now walking on two legs, while hiring craftsmen from outside or outsourcing orders, while training his own craftsmen using the modern apprenticeship system.

Even in the era of CNC machine tools in later generations, skilled craftsmen will not worry about food, let alone this era. Even if we enter the age of industrialization, we need skilled craftsmen. Just like the eighth-level technicians in the 20th century, they are still very important. Therefore, the modern apprenticeship system greatly promotes industrial development. In later generations, Germany relied on modern apprenticeship (also called dual-track vocational training), which made it difficult for German manufacturing to be surpassed in quality. Even later, Germany also included dual-track vocational training into federal law, compelling companies to accept apprentices. In 2004, Germany uniformly required that, except for a few very small companies, all other companies must accept apprentices. Apprentices spend half of the week in the school to receive basic cultural studies, and the other half of the time to go to the company to practice skills, and truly integrate the school and the company with production and education.

After three or four years, the apprentices trained in this way basically have a skill level that meets or even exceeds the "2 years or more" work experience required by later generations of China. Once you graduate, you can work seamlessly without an adaptation period. As for Huaxia's vocational school, hey, it is not connected with the factory, and the students' academic burden is not as heavy as that of the university. Then, all sorts of chaos. When many people are out of class, they either go out to play and surf the Internet, or they keep a killer haircut and go out to mix. When they graduate and enter the company, the company will find that they have recruited some bastards. They have almost no skills, but their hearts are higher than the sky. They always want to get ahead. A job can’t last three months...Of course, this is only some people. However, it also shows that our vocational education is indeed not doing well. If you need to spend a lot of time to practice while studying every week, and you have to learn technology, there is no time to mix. This is not only the case for vocational and technical schools, but also for universities. The students in the school are either mixed or stray. By the time I graduated, I didn't have much skills, so I could only run into a wall. Those who have been trained through the modern apprenticeship system are comparable to those with more than two years of work experience, which is obviously not of the same grade.

Not to mention others, just Marin himself. In his previous life at the university, he was a mixed bag, only to pass, and he never thought about mastering any technology. The university and the company are also out of touch. When I graduated and worked, I suddenly realized that I couldn't do anything. The teachers have combined production, education and research, designing outside factories, and taking design fees. However, that has nothing to do with students. Even some teachers don’t care much about class Students only go online, engage in clubs, and are busy with love. After four years, most of them are pure and new after entering the unit, and they are confused at work, and they have to learn everything...

Many people think that what they learn in college is useless, but in fact they have never been combined with practice. If you combine with practice from the very beginning, you will learn technical knowledge while you go to the enterprise to work your hand and train yourself. Then, after four years, a proper strength group will be established. Moreover, he is busy learning technical knowledge and practicing, and there is no practice to play and wave.

However, many people in later generations will only look at Amei, who is the best in the world, and find that Amei is the same. In other words, this is what you learned from Amei. So, they think it's okay. However, they did not see that the unremarkable Jiemen Country has the world's highest-quality skilled worker team, with the craftsman spirit we are pursuing...

Well, it seems to be here. Marin looked at the map of Germany and decided in his heart-to establish a modern apprenticeship system in Germany hundreds of years in advance, so that Dokoku Manufacturing will be on the stage of history in advance...

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