Chapter 2119： The stalk of "Master Hans"

In the shipyard of Beihai Country, there are many tung oil and raw lacquer imported from the Ming Dynasty, all of which have been transported back on the Pacific route in the past few years.

In the past few years, Marin has not brought back many silk and porcelain from the Ming Dynasty. Instead, he has brought back a lot of shipbuilding materials such as tung oil, lacquer and copper nails. Moreover, many strategic materials such as copper ingots, iron ingots and saltpeter were also shipped back.

That is to say, the Ming Dynasty imposed strict controls on copper, and failed to purchase too much. But it is not impossible. After all, in a country as big as the Ming Dynasty, there are always contraband smuggling. Even in the case of the late Ming Dynasty, people kept smuggling ironware and cotton and other strategic materials to the money. Moreover, the Shanxi merchants cannot be entirely blamed. Many dignitaries in the DPRK and China participated.

Therefore, it is said to prohibit the outflow of copper to prevent a shortage of money, but Marin still purchased a lot of copper ingots, a total of seven or eighty thousand catties. No way, this year, Daming's foreign trade hasn't opened yet, and Wang Zhi, a large merchant, estimated that he was just born, and it would have been more than 30 years before the East China Sea.

In addition, Portugal has not opened up the Ming Dynasty market under the secret obstruction of Marin, and even smuggling has not developed. Therefore, at the time of the Ming Dynasty, silver was extremely valuable. Kong Tai (Kong Tai: I’m not the eunuch’s manager) under Ma Lin’s head of the Dongfan Earl’s Mansion, bought a lot of copper for a little bit of money.

As for iron ingots, it's even easier. On the other side of Dongfan Island is Hu Jian, which is rich in Fujian Railway. Moreover, the price is cheap, only ten or twenty cents per catty, and one or two cents can buy fifty or sixty catties. And a Ducati gold coin...Well, gold was cheap in the Ming Dynasty, so the North Sea country always bought it after changing the gold to silver.

In fact, the iron and steel industry in Beihai is already very developed. But because the source of iron ore is a problem, and the taste is not high. Therefore, it is very cost-effective to import Fujian iron from Daming and put it in the reverberatory furnace for secondary smelting. Moreover, because of the good quality of Fujian iron, it has lower phosphorus and sulfur content than iron smelted from Lorraine iron ore and Luxembourg iron ore. Therefore, it is still very cost-effective to import the iron ingots of Fujian Railway from the Ming Dynasty and then come back and smelt it into steel again. Mainly, the quality of iron ore in Lorraine and Luxembourg is really poor. In particular, the Lorraine iron ore has a high phosphorus content. Even if quicklime is used to make slag, it is difficult to remove. Unlike sulfur, quicklime is relatively easy to remove.

Strictly speaking, even if the reverberatory furnace is used, the desulfurization effect is not bad, but the dephosphorization effect is not very good. In later generations, in the early open-hearth steelmaking, the desulfurization effect was relatively poor.

It was not until later that people directly used the converter method of top blowing oxygen, and the dephosphorization efficiency was greatly improved. Because oxygen enters the molten iron and is stirred, it can react with the phosphorus in the molten iron to produce **** at high temperature, thereby controlling the phosphorus content of the steel to a very low level to meet the requirements of use. Of course, oxygen can also be dephosphorized if the open-hearth furnace is filled with oxygen. When air is introduced, nitrogen elements easily penetrate into the steel, causing the steel to age and become brittle.

However, Marin has no conditions to get pure oxygen, and it is still in large quantities. If the amount is small, you can make some oxygen from the Volta battery. But oxygen, which is used in large quantities in industry, is still waived. The main reason is that without a high-power generator, it cannot provide enough electricity to electrolyze water. What, you said that the industrial oxygen production method is not electrolyzed water? Big brother, separate the air to make oxygen. Just to provide an ultra-low temperature of minus 183 degrees, Marin can only kneel and say, "The concubine can't do it"...

In fact, using diesel engines to generate electricity is not impossible to produce a large amount of oxygen. But the problem is that diesel is scarce. Before the development of large oil fields, the diesel used for diesel engines should also be saved. Therefore, industrial oxygen production is a legend.

Besides, in this era, the walls of artillery and muskets are so thick that they are afraid of blasting the chamber. Therefore, the ore from Lorraine Iron Ore seems to be reluctant to use.

But this is a hidden danger after all. It's okay when the caliber is small, but when you get on a warship and a large-caliber gun, there will be problems immediately. When Britain and France were fighting for maritime supremacy, the British naval gun not only had the technical advantage of secondary refining in the reverberatory furnace, but its iron ore was better than the Lorraine iron ore in France, which was also an important reason. This has also led to, many times, the French naval guns have been bombed.

The science and technology at that time didn't know the reason, so I had to blame the poor quality of Lorraine ore. Even the German army in World War II relied on high-quality iron ore from Sweden and Norway, and refused to use the ore of Lorraine iron ore to make artillery and gun barrels. Of course, the steel from Lorraine Iron Mine is suitable for making farm tools and daily utensils.

Now the North Sea country’s iron and steel, iron ore imported from Lorraine, is mostly used to smelt civil ironware. For example, hoes, sickles, kitchen knives and so on. These gadgets don't need to collide with other people's ironware, they are almost fine.

The quality of Luxembourg iron ore is much better than that of Lorraine iron ore. At least, not much sulfur and phosphorus. Therefore, the firearms in the North Sea country were basically made of iron and steel smelted from Luxembourg's iron ore. The iron ore of Lorraine can only be used to make ironware for daily use.

Of course, Marin is also very wicked. The steel smelted from Lorraine Iron Mine is indeed not suitable for making firearms because of its poor quality. However, if it is used for Marin’s opponent...

Therefore, Marin, a wicked man, often uses steel smelted from Lorraine iron ore to make matchlock guns for export. But he also knows to have a face, so this kind of gun that is easy to explode is sold in Nuremberg and Augsburg to the south of Germany under the name of passer-by A and passer-by B. As for the explosion, what should I do? Ask passer-by A passer-by B, what to do with my Beihai country?

Moreover, UU reading www.uukanshu. Com these inferior matchlock guns, Marin sent to sell them, but also choose customers, specially selected Marin opponents*** such as many opponents against Marin, they will be targeted by the sellers, unfortunately bought this batch of firearms .

In the face of the rebate tactics that are still effective in the 21st century, those officials under the command of the princes responsible for procurement can easily be recruited. Moreover, these muskets made of steel produced by the Lorraine iron ore do not show any bad quality in appearance. Even the workmanship is exquisite.

Many muskets are engraved with German characters "Made by Master Hans". This is really a pitfall. There are a lot of people called Hans in the German area. If the Blacksmiths Association holds a meeting, you call "Master Hans", and it is estimated that a group of people will agree to you.

When something goes wrong, which Hans master is the problem? Sorry, the masters of Hans will not say anything at this time... If anyone stands up and explains, "I am not", come to deny the three, maybe the suspicion will be even greater...

Then, "Master Hans" became a very famous stalk in the German region. As long as it is a musket engraved with the words "Made by Master Hans", people will avoid it, regard it as an ominous thing, and will never buy it.

Later, because of this stubbornness, many Hans craftsmen in Germany were forced to change their careers to build other things, such as kitchen knives. Or, simply change the name to Heinrich (Henry) or Wilhelm (William) and other equally common names. In short, no one dared to call Hans by the name anymore. Unless, he doesn't want to get involved in the firearms manufacturing industry...

(Note: Hans is also called Johannes, which is the abbreviation of Johannes and the German name of the English name John)

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