Chapter 41： Turkish Revolution

People under the rule of Abdul Hamid II in Ottoman Turkey where Asia and Europe meet in 1908. It is also increasingly dissatisfied with Sudan’s mediocre talents that it cannot lead the Ottoman Turkey out of its predicament. This sentiment supports the growth of a group called the Young Turkish Party.

The Youth Turkey Party was established in Istanbul in 1894. The original leader was Ahmed Lissa. In May 1889, four medical school students in the capital established an anti-authoritarian group, named the Ottoman League, and later renamed the League Progress Committee. Europeans called it the "Young Turkish Party". Soon, many young students, military officers, intellectuals and foreign exiles joined the party. It represents the interests of the bourgeoisie and liberal landlords, advocates maintaining the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire, opposes the autocratic system, and calls for the restoration of the 1876 Constitution.

On the night of July 2, 1908, Major Nyazibei, the head of the Young Turkish Party in Resne, was inciting his soldiers to revolt.

"Soldiers, we are guarding the territory of our motherland in Macedonia, but Sudan does not cherish our land at all. Now Bulgaria is protected by Russia, Cyprus is also occupied by the British, and Bosnia and Herzegovina is under the custody of Austria-Hungary. In the country, Sudan depends on the secret police. To maintain his rule, the people are getting more and more suffering. This requires a group of insightful people to awaken our people. And we will become such people, are you willing?"

Facing the impassioned speech made by his leader standing in front of the stage, most of the subordinates who were members of the Young Turkish Party also rallied in agreement.

"Let's rise up."

"To overthrow the rule of Abdul Hamid II."

"Let's do it."

Seeing that most of the soldiers and officers demanded an uprising, Major Nyazibei was very satisfied. At this moment, there was an unharmonious voice.

"We're uprising, what should we do if other troops come to suppress it?" A thin soldier in the crowd expressed his worry, and then a reprimanding word rushed toward his face.

"You coward."

"Coward."

"What are you afraid of, the people are on our side."

Seeing his backbone retort the soldier's words loudly, Major Nyazibei stepped forward and motioned for them to listen to him. Looking at the soldier who quietly looked at him, Major Nyazibei explained the reason for doing so. "We are just the beginning. Enver in the Macedonian army is also ours. This uprising is supported by the entire Macedonian army."

The soldiers on the sidelines heard that after receiving the support of the entire legion, they were relieved a lot, and they did not have the heart to resist the uprising.

Major Nyazibei continued when he saw this. "We will start to act tomorrow, and we can't let the people accept such a miserable life anymore."

Nyazibei, who was the first to launch, knew that this uprising was completely an early product. It is because Britain, Russia, Austria-Hungary, etc. have already negotiated a conspiracy to carve up Turkey's European territory. In early June, the Russian Tsar and the British King met in Leville and reached an agreement on the further reform of the Macedonian region and the establishment of a military police force if necessary.

The Young Turkish Party that received the news was forced to start the planned uprising more than a year earlier. Now Major Nyazibei is not sure whether the uprising will succeed. Only one step can save the motherland of Turkey from this suffering.

The next day Major Nyazibei brought the soldiers to the city of Nysna. The police in the city didn't know what the soldiers were going to do. They asked and the answer was to go to the city. This made the inquiring police also confused. .

Seeing the sullen faces of these soldiers, he did not dare to intercept these heavily armed soldiers. You can only report to the Chief of Police of Leishna that there are soldiers entering the city. The Chief of Police is also at a loss. He called the barracks and said that he did not know the situation. This caused the chief of police to sink in his heart and ordered all police officers to be returned to the police station to get their equipment.

rushed to the city hall with the armed police, but the chief of the police, who did not see the group of soldiers, felt relieved. "Seeing a group of policemen running up armed from a long distance, the mayor asked the chief of police. "What's going on here." "The chief of police told the mayor what happened today.

"Is it?" The mayor looked at the chief of police and said questioningly. The chief of police nodded to the mayor, indicating that it was what he thought.

While the two city officials were playing a mystery, Major Nyazibei came to the telegraph company address. The texts in hand are sent to all parts of the country via radio waves. "It opposes the agreement between the government and Leville, demanding "freedom, equality and fraternity. "

After sending the telegram, Major Nyazibei and his subordinates retreated while handing out leaflets with the same words as the telegram. It also opposes the agreement between the government and Leville, demanding "freedom, equality, and fraternity."

The officials at the city hall quickly learned that Major Nyazibei had already left the city with his soldiers. "What should we do now?" the chief of police asked the mayor. "Wait for the news from Skopje, we are just municipal officials, not the army." The shrewd mayor also refused to let go. There is a tradition of mutiny in the Turkish army, and every official knows how to protect himself.

After Major Nyazibei took the soldiers out of the city, "Brothers, we have no retreat now. I will take you up the mountain to fight guerrillas. We must give the rights of the Sudan to the people." At the end of Nyazibe, we have no retreat. Major Yi shouted. "The motherland is with us." This sentence received everyone's response and they all shouted The motherland is with us. "

After Nyazibei sent the message to the whole country, Enver also got the news. Matt Ismail Enver was born in a wealthy merchant family in Istanbul on November 22, 1881. His father Suley Emini Ahmed was a civil engineer. Abdul Hamid II approached the adviser. In 1903, Enver graduated with honors from the Istanbul Military Academy, received the rank of captain of the cavalry, and was sent to the Macedonian Third Army.

Now Enver has become a member of the Central Committee of the Young Turkish Party, responsible for establishing guerrillas in the countryside to promote the spread of revolutionary ideas among the people, and as a refuge for members of the association to escape the Sudanese authorities if necessary.

"How long do we have to prepare now?" Enver asked his confidant.

"One more week to prepare..."

"It's been too long. Our brother is waiting for support and will start to act in three days." Enver interrupted his confidant. Enver had thoughts about this uprising of the Young Turkish Party. The first one is no longer available in this uprising, but the second one is acceptable.

Three days later, Enver followed the actions of Major Nyazibey, led his troops up the mountain to fight guerrillas, determined to overthrow the tyranny at all costs, and energized the monarch to demand a constitution. The uprising quickly swept through many units of the 3rd Army and the 2nd Army in Macedonia, and soon the Young Turkish Party became the real master of the entire Macedonian region.

On July 20, the *** residents of Monastir (present-day Yugoslavia Bitoli) held an uprising; on the 23rd, the insurgents marched into Thessaloniki, announcing the restoration of the 1876 Constitution, and electrifying the Sudan to restore the constitution within a time limit, otherwise March into Istanbul. Abdul Hamid II felt that the general situation was over and was forced to announce the restoration of the Constitution on the 24th and reopen the National Assembly.