Chapter 2011： 2 "teeth" don't want to run

According to the silver-copper price ratio of 1 to 160 in the Ming Dynasty, there is not even one tenth of one in Europe. The cost of materials alone is more than ten times lower. Of course, this is the purchase price of origin. The cost of shipping red copper from Daming to Europe is very high. But in any case, the cost must be much cheaper than purchasing Indian copper.

Also, the manufacturing cost and speed of copper coins, Marin's mint is much better than any European country. For example, Spain, which has begun to use Indian copper to cast Malawi copper coins, is completely incomparable to the North Sea country in the efficiency of copper coin casting.

Spanish mint is currently still using the traditional craftsman's technique of hand-punching characters and patterns, which is very inefficient. Moreover, the scale of production is difficult to expand.

For example, the two royal mints in Toledo and Zaragoza, Spain, have a total of more than 4,000 artisans. It is not that the two kings of Spain did not want to expand, but that the mint craftsmen were not easy to train. Making copper coins by hand is also a technical task that most people cannot do. In order to train apprentices, the European apprenticeship system usually takes 7 years to train. Therefore, this has affected the expansion of the Spanish mint.

The Beihai Mint is different. The Beihai Mint uses a machine such as a spiral coin press to produce coins, which has very low technical requirements for workers. What really has the technical content is actually making molds, and only a few skilled craftsmen are needed. When pressing copper coins, you don't need any technology at all. Just throw the bare copper plate into the machine while it's hot, turn the shaft hard, and press it hard. One copper coin is ready, and the efficiency is more than ten times higher? The work of more than 4,000 craftsmen in two mints in Spain can be done by two or three hundred people in the Beihai Mint.

Moreover, this time Marin did not intend to let go of Spain. The Spanish Malawi copper coin is also one of the goals of the Marin cottage. Even, the size of the Spanish market is much larger than that of Venice ...

Yes, you are right, the Spanish market is bigger than Venice!

Although, the trade volume and financial revenue of Venice are higher than that of Spain. However, a fatal problem is that the native population of Venice is too small!

The native population of Venice is less than 200,000, while the population of Spain is more than 8 million. The huge difference in population makes the Spanish market far larger than Venice.

Although Venice's annual trade process, the currency circulation is very large. But it is worth noting that Venice is engaged in international trade, which requires the use of currencies recognized by all countries. For example, Ducat gold coins, and Grosso with high silver content. Other silver coins with low silver content, as well as copper coins, were not recognized by anyone outside Italy.

Just like the Venetian copper coins, leaving Italy, it is not recognized by other countries. Even within Italy, there are not many countries accepted, only some of the neighboring states accept the copper coins issued by Venice. Because the economic ties between these states and the Republic of Venice are too deep, and they are greatly affected. At the same time, it was convenient for them to purchase goods in Venice before they accepted the Venetian copper coins. But calculating the total population is not as good as the total population of Spain.

Therefore, the copycat Italian copper coins are not as good as the copycat Spanish copper coins. But the problem is that Marin does not plan to go to Spain to recruit migrant workers. Therefore, Marin prefers to copy the Italian copper coins rather than the Spanish copper coins.

The other is that, because the copper coins are only circulated in the country and do not participate in international trade, even if the Malin cottages produce Spanish copper coins, it will be difficult to put them into the Spanish market. After all, although Marin has a complete intelligence system in Spain, it does not have a complete business system. In Italy, because of the relationship between the Papal State, Marin and Venice have had a good relationship very early. Therefore, Marin established a commercial channel in Italy early, and it is more convenient to sell copper coins that are privately cast.

Therefore, if you want to cast Spanish copper coins to go to Spain to make money, you also need to establish a secret business channel in Spain to facilitate the shipment of copper coins.

...

Although 375 Malawi copper coins are only worth one Ducat gold coin, but the accumulation is small, as long as there are enough coins, the profit is also considerable. The most important thing is that the cost of imported Daming red copper is low. With more casting points, the profit is considerable.

For example, if I minted 3.75 million Malawi copper coins, it would be worth 10,000 Ducat gold coins. However, to mint 3.75 million Malawi copper coins, only 7.5 million grams of red copper is needed, which is 15,000 kilograms. In the Ming Dynasty, 1 kg of copper was only 0.1 silver. Therefore, the cost of material cost is only 1500 two silver, which is only equivalent to more than 1300 gold coins.

If only based on material cost, this profit is more than 7.6 times! Even excluding long-distance freight and casting labor costs, four or five times the profit is always there. As long as there are secret shipping channels, the Spaniards are no different. After all, they do not have a professional agent organization to investigate.

As it happens, the Spaniard currently brings a lot of gold from Zimbabwe. Marin intends to use the Malawidi copper coins secretly minted by his own family to go to Spain to exchange for gold coins and then use them for international trade.

In recent years, relying on Marin's reluctance to give Spain the spice trade, Spain actually accumulated a large amount of gold and silver currencies from European countries. After all, spices are the hard currency that can be turned into gold and silver in Europe in this era. Every year, the Spanish royal family and some Spanish nobles who join in to share the benefits can make a huge profit of one to hundreds of thousands of gold coins. Most of these coins come from other European countries.

In Spain today, money is plagued. In addition to the part of gold and silver that needs to be used in India for the purchase of spices, most of the other gold and silver have flowed into the Spanish domestic market, pushing up the already high prices of Spain.

Marin intends to use cheap copper coins to enter the Spanish market, panning out a large number of gold and silver. Then, used for the procurement of various strategic materials. Spain is a country, because there are many mountains, food is scarce, and prices are high, but there are also advantageous products.

For example, olive oil is a specialty of southern European countries such as Spain and Italy. This kind of thing is generally used in Europe by nobles and rich businessmen. Poor people cannot afford oil at all. For example, the famous Betis olive oil of later generations is produced in the Seville region of Spain.

In addition, the Spanish merino wool is also the finest wool of the highest quality in Europe. It can be used to spin high-grade woolen fabrics.

But the above two are not as good as Marin's attention to Spanish mercury mines. Spain is a famous mercury producer in Europe. Mercury mining began in the 7th century BC. At present, Spain is the largest mercury producer in Europe. Its Almaden mercury mine, and the Idria mercury mine in Slovenia, are currently the largest and most important mercury mines and mercury producing areas in Europe. Even the California Gold Rush in the mid-19th century used a lot of mercury from the Almaden mercury mine in Spain. This mercury mine was not shut down until 2003. It can be seen that the reserves of Almaden Mercury Mine are amazing!

What is the use of mercury? The extraction of gold and silver in this era and the amalgamation method when processing gold and silver ore require a large amount of mercury. If there is not enough mercury, the development of gold and silver mines becomes a problem. Why can Spain develop gold and silver mines in the Americas to such a large extent? Is it because of its rich mercury resources? Switching to France, there is not enough mercury to extract gold and silver mines.

Therefore, it is very cost-effective and important to purchase large amounts of mercury in Spain with privately-cast Spanish copper coins. After all, Marin must go to the Americas to mine gold and silver mines.

In addition, the Spanish-made Karak sailboat and cork are also things that Marin needs very much. It is cheap and cost-effective to exchange copper coins with cheap copper for private exchange.

...

In the same way, UU reading and Portugal next to Spain have also begun to use copper coins in large quantities. Marin also set his sights on Portugal, he plans to privately cast Portuguese copper coins, and then go to Portugal to purchase cork. In this way, the purchase cost can be reduced several times.

Unlike Spain, which only has an intelligence service and lacks commercial channels, Marin has begun secretly contacting the old ministers such as Baron Ferreira.

Therefore, although Marin had not established a commercial channel in Portugal before, but with the cooperation of the local nobles such as the old minister of Joao II, the inflow of copper coins was easier.

Anyway, the "two teeth" on the Iberian Peninsula are competitors of the Marin Grand Sailing. Marin is very happy to cause them some trouble.

Of course, Marin did not understand until now that his private coining of copper coins from both countries actually enriched the market economies of the two countries and stimulated the economic development of both countries. Of course, the huge profits of the mint cannot be enjoyed by the officials of the two countries. It is the people of the two countries, because of the large increase in small amounts of copper coins, trade activities have become more active.

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